Grammar unit 16
Reported Questions
سبق شرحه في الوحدة الثامنة
راجع الشرح هنا
so + adj./adv. + that + sentence
في حالة وجود very تحذف
The shirt was very nice. I couldn't resist buying it. (so … that)
The shirt was so nice that I couldn't resist buying it.
She ran very quickly. She could catch the train. (so … that)
She ran so quickly that she could catch the train.
Such (a/an) + adj. + n. + that + sentence
تستخدم a/an في حالة وجود اسم مفرد يعد
He was a stupid boy. He failed all the tests.
He was such a stupid boy that he failed all the tests.
The furniture he bought was so wonderful that everyone admired it.
It was such wonderful furniture that everyone admired it.
لاحظ عدم استخدام
a بعد such
لأن كلمة furniture لا تعد
في حالة عدم وجود اسم noun
نستخدم اسم مناسب
He was so reckless طائش/متهور that he had a terrible accident. (such…that)
He was such a reckless driver that he had a terrible accident.
لاحظ أنه يمكن استخدام اسم noun فقط مع such في بعض الحالات
such (a/an) + noun + that..
He was a coward. He ran away from the battlefield.
He was such a coward that he ran away from the battlefield.
He was a gentleman. He helped the old lady.
He was such a gentleman that he helped the old lady.
Adj./Adv. + enough + (for +n. / pron. اسم/ ضمير ) + to-inf.
He was rich. He could buy an expensive car. (enough)
He was rich enough to buy an expensive car.
تستخدم enough قبل الاسم
She didn't have enough courage to tell him the truth.
في حالة اختلاف الفاعل في الجملتين
for + noun/pron. نستخدم
The test was easy. He passed it. (enough)
The test was easy enough for him to pass.
The shelf was low. She could reach it.
The shelf was low enough for her to reach.
Too + adj./adv. + (for + n./ pron.) to-inf
لاحظ أن too تفيد النفي
He was very ill. He could not go to school.
He was too ill to go to school.
في حالة اختلاف الفاعل في الجملتين
for + noun/pron. نستخدم
The test was difficult. He couldn’t pass it.
The test was too difficult for him to pass.
نستخدم enough بدلا من too
ننفي الفعل و نستخدم عكس الصفة والعكس
He didn’t walk quickly enough to catch the bus.
He walked too slowly to catch the bus.
He was too ill to go to school.
He was not well enough to go to school.
لاحظ الصفات التالية و عكسها
low high
late early
noisy quiet
thin fat
blunt sharp
careless careful
short long
lazy active
shallow deep
short tall
wide narrow
small big
strong weak
cold hot
poor rich
boring interesting
expensive cheap
well ill
new old
old young
easy hard / difficult
foolish wise
stupid intelligent /clever/smart
slow fast / quick
light heavy
لاحظ أننا نستخدم
much / many / little / few
so ... that مع
a lot of وليس
There was so much smoke that they couldn't see.
She had so little money that she couldn't buy the dress.
سبق شرحه في الوحدة الثامنة
راجع الشرح هنا
so + adj./adv. + that + sentence
في حالة وجود very تحذف
The shirt was very nice. I couldn't resist buying it. (so … that)
The shirt was so nice that I couldn't resist buying it.
She ran very quickly. She could catch the train. (so … that)
She ran so quickly that she could catch the train.
Such (a/an) + adj. + n. + that + sentence
تستخدم a/an في حالة وجود اسم مفرد يعد
He was a stupid boy. He failed all the tests.
He was such a stupid boy that he failed all the tests.
The furniture he bought was so wonderful that everyone admired it.
It was such wonderful furniture that everyone admired it.
لاحظ عدم استخدام
a بعد such
لأن كلمة furniture لا تعد
في حالة عدم وجود اسم noun
نستخدم اسم مناسب
He was so reckless طائش/متهور that he had a terrible accident. (such…that)
He was such a reckless driver that he had a terrible accident.
لاحظ أنه يمكن استخدام اسم noun فقط مع such في بعض الحالات
such (a/an) + noun + that..
He was a coward. He ran away from the battlefield.
He was such a coward that he ran away from the battlefield.
He was a gentleman. He helped the old lady.
He was such a gentleman that he helped the old lady.
Adj./Adv. + enough + (for +n. / pron. اسم/ ضمير ) + to-inf.
He was rich. He could buy an expensive car. (enough)
He was rich enough to buy an expensive car.
تستخدم enough قبل الاسم
She didn't have enough courage to tell him the truth.
في حالة اختلاف الفاعل في الجملتين
for + noun/pron. نستخدم
The test was easy. He passed it. (enough)
The test was easy enough for him to pass.
The shelf was low. She could reach it.
The shelf was low enough for her to reach.
Too + adj./adv. + (for + n./ pron.) to-inf
لاحظ أن too تفيد النفي
He was very ill. He could not go to school.
He was too ill to go to school.
في حالة اختلاف الفاعل في الجملتين
for + noun/pron. نستخدم
The test was difficult. He couldn’t pass it.
The test was too difficult for him to pass.
نستخدم enough بدلا من too
ننفي الفعل و نستخدم عكس الصفة والعكس
He didn’t walk quickly enough to catch the bus.
He walked too slowly to catch the bus.
He was too ill to go to school.
He was not well enough to go to school.
لاحظ الصفات التالية و عكسها
low high
late early
noisy quiet
thin fat
blunt sharp
careless careful
short long
lazy active
shallow deep
short tall
wide narrow
small big
strong weak
cold hot
poor rich
boring interesting
expensive cheap
well ill
new old
old young
easy hard / difficult
foolish wise
stupid intelligent /clever/smart
slow fast / quick
light heavy
لاحظ أننا نستخدم
much / many / little / few
so ... that مع
a lot of وليس
There was so much smoke that they couldn't see.
She had so little money that she couldn't buy the dress.
Pronouns
ضمائر الفاعل هي
I – You – He – She – It – We – They
وهي تستخدم كفاعل للجملة She studies hard. I visited my friend.
ضمائر المفعول هي
me – you – him – her – it – us – them
وهي تستخدم كمفعول للجملة وتأتي أيضا بعد حروف الجر
I saw him yesterday. I gave a present to him.
صفات الملكية ويأتي بعدها اسم و هي
my – your – his – her – its – our – their
My brother is a doctor.
ضمائر الملكية وتستخدم بدون اسم بعدها وهي
mine – yours – his – hers – ours – theirs
This book is mine. This house is theirs.
لاحظ أننا نستخدم هذه الضمائر بعد a friend of
He is a friend of mine. = He is my friend.
She is a friend of yours. = She is your friend.
ملاحظات عامة علي استخدام الضمائر
1- لاحظ أن its
للملكية و يأتي بعدها اسم
The dog moved its tail. The cat ate its food.
في حين أن
it's تكون اختصار it is
ing ويأتى بعدها اسم أو صفة أو فعل منتهي بـ
It's beautiful. It's raining. It's a new car.
وتكون it's
اختصار it has إذا جاء بعدها التصريف الثالث
It's rained for two days.
2- it لغير العاقل المفرد
وفي حالة الجمع نستخدم
they / them
I bought 4 books. They are very useful.
3- لاحظ استخدام it
للتعبير عن الزمن و المسافة و الطقس
It is hot in this room. What time is it?
ويمكن استخدام one , ones
بدلا من تكرار اسم مفرد يعد
I'm looking for a flat. I'd like a small one.
Green apples often taste better than red ones.
I've got two books. Which one would you like?
4- لاحظ صيغة السؤال التالية عن الملكية
Whose book is this? = Who does this book belong to?
It's my book. = It's mine. / It's hers.
Study the following blank CV carefully نموذج خالى للسيرة الذاتية
CV
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Home address Contact information
---------------------------------- Phone: ---------------
---------------------------------- E-mail: ---------------
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DOB: ---------------------------
Education
200-- - 20-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USEFUL EXPERIENCE
• ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
• ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS
Date Achievement
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SKILLS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERESTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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