Grammar unit 8
Reported Speech
1- Statements الجملة الخبرية
تحويل أفعال القول
Direct Indirect
say say
says says
say to tell
says to tells
said said
said to told
نحذف الأقواس ونضع مكانها
that
ويمكن أيضا الإستغناء عنها
تتغير الأزمنة من مضارع إلى ماضي و من ماضي إلى ماضي تام كما يلي
شرط وجود said
Direct Indirect
write / writes wrote
wrote had written
is / are writing was / were writing
have / has written had written
has/have been writing had been writing
was / were writing had been writing
will , shall would
may might
can could
must had to
هناك كلمات معينة تتغير في غير المباشر كما يلي
Direct >>>>>>> Indirect
now then
this that
these those
here there
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day
yesterday the day before / the previous day
yet by then
two days ago two days before / earlier
last week the week before / the previous week
next week the following week
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
this afternoon that afternoon
tomorrow morning the next morning
next Friday the following Friday
لاحظ تغيير الضمائر
She said, “I shall pay my debts tomorrow.”
She said she would pay her debts the next day.
He said to me, “I sent the letter two days ago.”
He told me he had sent the letter two days before / two days earlier.
He said to me, "I didn't see the robbers last night."
He told me he hadn't seen the robbers the night before / the previous night.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من
said
claimed ادعي/ complained / mentioned ذكر / indicated أوضح / asserted أكد / agreed / reported / explained / agreed
He said, “The service in this restaurant is not good.”
He complained that the service in that restaurant was not good.
He said, “I won't tell anyone what you said.”
He agreed he wouldn't tell anyone what I had said.
الأفعال الآتية لا تتغير في غير المباشر
Would / should / ought / had better / might / used to / could
He said, “I used to clean my room every day.”
He said he used to clean his room every day.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كان فعل القول في المضارع
say(s)
She says, “I live in a small flat in Cairo.”
She says she lives in a small flat in Cairo.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة
She said, “ Metals expand when they are heated".
She said that metals expand when they are heated.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة قيلت منذ فترة وجيزة
He said just now, “I have already seen the film.”
He said just now he has already seen the film.
يتغير الزمن فى الحالة الأولى فقط من
if
He said, “If it rains, I’ll stay at home.”
He said if it rained, he would stay at home.
في حالة وجود جملتين نستخدم
and that أو and added that
He said to me, “ I didn’t post the letter. I’ll ask John to post it for me.”
He told me he hadn’t posted the letter and that he would ask John to post it for him.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية عند نقل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتي بعدها
v+ing
suggest / admit / deny / apologize for/objected to/insisted on + (v-ing)
He said, “ Let’s watch the news on TV.”
He suggested watching the news on TV.
يمكن تحويل الجملة بالطريقة العادية بعد
deny / admit
He said, “ I didn't see the accident.”
He denied seeing the accident.
He denied that he had seen the accident.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية عند تحويل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتى بعدها
to + inf.
promised/offered /agreed/threatened/advised/refused/reminded/decided/ +(to+inf.)
He said, “ I’ll lend you the money you need.”
He promised to lend me the money I needed.
He promised that he would lend me the money I needed.
He said to me , “ You ought to do your job well.”
He advised me to do my job well.
لاحظ أن أسلوب التعجب في غير المباشر يتحول إلي جملة عادية تبدأ بـ
It was..
He said, “ How terrible!”
He said that it was terrible.
2- Reported Questions الجملة الإستفهامية
Said / said to >>> asked
ويمكن تحويل السؤال إلى غير المباشر باستخدام إحدى العبارات الآتيــة
He inquired I’d like to know
I wanted to know I want to know
I wondered I wonder
I had no idea I have no idea
I didn’t know I don’t know
He asked He asks
Can you tell me…?
Could you tell me…?
لاحظ عدم استخدام ضمير مفعول بعد
wonder / inquire
في حالة الأسئلة التي يجاب عنها بـ
yes / no
ونستخدم if / whether
She said, “ Do you speak French?”
She asked if I spoke French.
He said, “Have you ever been abroad?”
He wondered if I had ever been abroad.
في حالة الأسئلة التي تبدأ بأداة استفهام ، تستخدم نفس أداة الاستفهام كأداة ربط
He said, “Where did you spend your summer holiday?”
He wanted to know where I had spent my summer holiday.
He said, “ What are you doing now?”
He asked what I was doing then.
عند تحويل السؤال إلى غير مباشر لاحظ حذف الكلمات الآتية
do/does/did
تتغيـر الأزمنة فقط إذا بدأ السـؤال بفعل في الماضي
” How much do you earn?”
He wonders how much I earn.
“How much do you earn?”
He wondered how much I earned.
في حـالة تحـويل سـؤالين إلى غير مباشر نستخدم
and if , and + wh. question
He said, “ Why are you late? Did you miss the bus?”
He wondered why I was late and if I had missed the bus.
He said, “Where did you buy the trousers. How much did they cost you?”
He wanted to know where I had bought the trousers and how much they had cost me.
فى حالة العرض نستخدم
offer
He said, “Shall I get you some tea?” (He offered …)
He offered me some tea. / He offered to get me some tea.
فى حالة الطلب نستخدم
request
He said, “Could you open the window, please?” (He asked…)
He asked me to open the window.
3- Order الأمر
Said to >>> told /asked / advised / begged التمس/ warned حذر / threatened هدد
نستخدم
to + inf. في الإثبات
ونستخدم
not to + inf. فى النفى
He said to me, “ Read the instructions before you operate the machine.”
He told me to read the instructions before I operated the machine.
She said to me, “Don’t ever shout at me.”
She told me never to shout at her.
He said, "Go away or I’ll call the police.”
He threatened to call the police if I didn’t go away.
He threatened that he would call the police if I didn’t go away.
Reported Speech
1- Statements الجملة الخبرية
تحويل أفعال القول
Direct Indirect
say say
says says
say to tell
says to tells
said said
said to told
نحذف الأقواس ونضع مكانها
that
ويمكن أيضا الإستغناء عنها
تتغير الأزمنة من مضارع إلى ماضي و من ماضي إلى ماضي تام كما يلي
شرط وجود said
Direct Indirect
write / writes wrote
wrote had written
is / are writing was / were writing
have / has written had written
has/have been writing had been writing
was / were writing had been writing
will , shall would
may might
can could
must had to
هناك كلمات معينة تتغير في غير المباشر كما يلي
Direct >>>>>>> Indirect
now then
this that
these those
here there
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day
yesterday the day before / the previous day
yet by then
two days ago two days before / earlier
last week the week before / the previous week
next week the following week
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
this afternoon that afternoon
tomorrow morning the next morning
next Friday the following Friday
لاحظ تغيير الضمائر
She said, “I shall pay my debts tomorrow.”
She said she would pay her debts the next day.
He said to me, “I sent the letter two days ago.”
He told me he had sent the letter two days before / two days earlier.
He said to me, "I didn't see the robbers last night."
He told me he hadn't seen the robbers the night before / the previous night.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من
said
claimed ادعي/ complained / mentioned ذكر / indicated أوضح / asserted أكد / agreed / reported / explained / agreed
He said, “The service in this restaurant is not good.”
He complained that the service in that restaurant was not good.
He said, “I won't tell anyone what you said.”
He agreed he wouldn't tell anyone what I had said.
الأفعال الآتية لا تتغير في غير المباشر
Would / should / ought / had better / might / used to / could
He said, “I used to clean my room every day.”
He said he used to clean his room every day.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كان فعل القول في المضارع
say(s)
She says, “I live in a small flat in Cairo.”
She says she lives in a small flat in Cairo.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة
She said, “ Metals expand when they are heated".
She said that metals expand when they are heated.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة قيلت منذ فترة وجيزة
He said just now, “I have already seen the film.”
He said just now he has already seen the film.
يتغير الزمن فى الحالة الأولى فقط من
if
He said, “If it rains, I’ll stay at home.”
He said if it rained, he would stay at home.
في حالة وجود جملتين نستخدم
and that أو and added that
He said to me, “ I didn’t post the letter. I’ll ask John to post it for me.”
He told me he hadn’t posted the letter and that he would ask John to post it for him.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية عند نقل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتي بعدها
v+ing
suggest / admit / deny / apologize for/objected to/insisted on + (v-ing)
He said, “ Let’s watch the news on TV.”
He suggested watching the news on TV.
يمكن تحويل الجملة بالطريقة العادية بعد
deny / admit
He said, “ I didn't see the accident.”
He denied seeing the accident.
He denied that he had seen the accident.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية عند تحويل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتى بعدها
to + inf.
promised/offered /agreed/threatened/advised/refused/reminded/decided/ +(to+inf.)
He said, “ I’ll lend you the money you need.”
He promised to lend me the money I needed.
He promised that he would lend me the money I needed.
He said to me , “ You ought to do your job well.”
He advised me to do my job well.
لاحظ أن أسلوب التعجب في غير المباشر يتحول إلي جملة عادية تبدأ بـ
It was..
He said, “ How terrible!”
He said that it was terrible.
2- Reported Questions الجملة الإستفهامية
Said / said to >>> asked
ويمكن تحويل السؤال إلى غير المباشر باستخدام إحدى العبارات الآتيــة
He inquired I’d like to know
I wanted to know I want to know
I wondered I wonder
I had no idea I have no idea
I didn’t know I don’t know
He asked He asks
Can you tell me…?
Could you tell me…?
لاحظ عدم استخدام ضمير مفعول بعد
wonder / inquire
في حالة الأسئلة التي يجاب عنها بـ
yes / no
ونستخدم if / whether
She said, “ Do you speak French?”
She asked if I spoke French.
He said, “Have you ever been abroad?”
He wondered if I had ever been abroad.
في حالة الأسئلة التي تبدأ بأداة استفهام ، تستخدم نفس أداة الاستفهام كأداة ربط
He said, “Where did you spend your summer holiday?”
He wanted to know where I had spent my summer holiday.
He said, “ What are you doing now?”
He asked what I was doing then.
عند تحويل السؤال إلى غير مباشر لاحظ حذف الكلمات الآتية
do/does/did
تتغيـر الأزمنة فقط إذا بدأ السـؤال بفعل في الماضي
” How much do you earn?”
He wonders how much I earn.
“How much do you earn?”
He wondered how much I earned.
في حـالة تحـويل سـؤالين إلى غير مباشر نستخدم
and if , and + wh. question
He said, “ Why are you late? Did you miss the bus?”
He wondered why I was late and if I had missed the bus.
He said, “Where did you buy the trousers. How much did they cost you?”
He wanted to know where I had bought the trousers and how much they had cost me.
فى حالة العرض نستخدم
offer
He said, “Shall I get you some tea?” (He offered …)
He offered me some tea. / He offered to get me some tea.
فى حالة الطلب نستخدم
request
He said, “Could you open the window, please?” (He asked…)
He asked me to open the window.
3- Order الأمر
Said to >>> told /asked / advised / begged التمس/ warned حذر / threatened هدد
نستخدم
to + inf. في الإثبات
ونستخدم
not to + inf. فى النفى
He said to me, “ Read the instructions before you operate the machine.”
He told me to read the instructions before I operated the machine.
She said to me, “Don’t ever shout at me.”
She told me never to shout at her.
He said, "Go away or I’ll call the police.”
He threatened to call the police if I didn’t go away.
He threatened that he would call the police if I didn’t go away.
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