UNIT 1 - Reach For the Stars

UNIT 1 - Reach For the StarsPart 1 – Vocabulary and Language notes
A- Reading text نص القراءة
Read the following passage carefully
عليك أولا قراءة نص الدرس الأصلى لتلم بالموضوع
Space holidays    
July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walking on the Moon. Ever since that day, we have been promised that holidays in space are not far away. Now a representative  for the World Tourism Organisation  predicts that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space. They will fly by rocket to a space station which will be orbiting the Earth at a height of 320 kilometres – that is about the same as the distance from Cairo to El-Minya. The space station itself will be like a giant spinning wheel with spokes like a bike wheel. There will be two kinds of spokes: those with ordinary gravity  and those with zero gravity for weightless sports .
Some people who are interested in space holidays are worried that, as space tourists, they will suffer from the same horrible side effect as astronauts have suffered from, but experts say that there are now treatments for most side effects.
Just think about such a holiday in space. Everyone who has travelled in space has described the magical feeling of looking down on the Earth as it spin  below you. It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk, but think of the fun you can have with weightless football or weightless gymnastics.
For most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holidays. Currently, the cost of a holiday is very high. But like everything else, the more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become. So, if you are interested, start saving now!

معانى كلمات نص قطعة القراءة بالترتيب
Anniversary الذكرى السنوية
representative  مندوب    
predicts يتنبأ
be queuing يصطفوا  
space station محطة فضاء
orbiting  حول تدور
distance المسافة
a giant spinning wheel  عجلة عملاقة سريعة الدوران
spokes أسلاك
ordinary gravity   الجاذبية الأرضية العادية
zero gravity إنعدام الجاذبية  
weightless sports  رياضات انعدام الوزن
suffer from  يعانى من
side effect أثار جانبية
astronauts رواد الفضاء
experts  الخبراء
treatments علاجات
magical feeling الشعور السحرى
spin   تدور
gymnastics  الجمباز
main disadvantage العيب الرئيسى
cost تكلفة
Currently  حالياً

B- Definition:  تعريفات
عليك معرفة معانى الكلمات الأساسية بالإنجليزية حتى تتقن الإجابة
examine = (v) to look at something carefully in order to find out something
launch  = (n) when a spacecraft is sent into space
leak  = (n) a small hole that liquid or gas gets out through
mission = (n) an important job that someone has been given to do
secret = (adj) known about by only a few people
system = (n) an organised way of doing something
currently = (adv,) (happening) at the present time
gravity = (n)  the force that makes objects fall to the ground
gymnastics = (n) a sport in which skilful physical exercises and movements are performed
side effect  = an unexpected result of an activity, situation or event
spin = (v)  to turn around and around very quickly
spoke = (n)  One of the thin metal bars which connect the ring around the outside of a wheel to the centre

C-Language Notes: ملاحظات لُغوية
ملاحظات لُغوية على أهم ماورد فى هذه الوحدة
 

>>> reach & arrive  <<<

arrive تأخذ حروف جر
at  للأماكن الصغيرة المحدودة
in  للمدن والأماكن الكبيرة
He arrived (at) the office early . at the station/ the airport ( small place)
He arrived (in) Cairo at noon . in London/ Tokyo  

(towns or cities)

reach لا تأخذ حروف جر
He reached the office early. 

He reached Cairo at noon. ( no prepositions)

لابد أن يتبعها مفعول
He reached early . جملة خاطئة
والصحيح هو  He reached the station early .

He arrived early . صحيحة لأنها يمكن أن تأتى بدون مفعول

كما يمكنك إستخدامها كالتالى
He reached his goal through hard work .  يصل إلى هدفه
reach for the stars  بمعنى يحقق هدفا صعبا

>>>  spend time يقضى وقتا / money on ينفق مالا  <<<

spend (time) + ving
He spent the evening watching TV.

Spend money on
We should spend more money on education and on better transport.

>>>  everyday / every day  <<<

everyday   adj. صفة بمعنى – يومى 
The problems of everyday life  الحياة اليومية
every day   adv.  حال بمعنى - كل يوم
He watches TV. every day.

>>> help + inf. / to + inf.  <<<

He helped me do the job .
He helped me to do the job.
help with + n. يساعد فى
I helped her with her homework.

>>>  need + (n) / need + (v) to inf.  <<<

We need some more books. ( need كفعل عادى تأخذ بعدها مفعول )
We need to buy some more books. ( need كفعل مساعد تأخذ بعدها فعل )

>>>  start / begin + to inf. / v. + ing  <<<

She has just started to play tennis .
She has just started playing tennis .
start + n.
When do you start work .

>>>  the same as مثله تماما / similar to مشابه لـ  <<<

He does the same job as his friend. They are both teachers.
His car is similar to mine. ( not the same )

>>> تذكر هذا التركيب اللُغوى الهام فى الصفات  <<<
the + adj. er ...........the + adj. er  بمعنى كلما ..... كلما

the + more ……….the + more / less
The harder you study, the better marks you get.
The more work you do , the more money you get.

>>>  affect (v) / effect (n)  <<<

affect (v.) يؤثر على - لا تأخذ حرف جر = have an effect on له تأثير على
Smoke affects a lot of people here.
Smoke has an effect on a lot of people here.
ونفس الشئ مع
Influence  (v and n )
This matter influenced a lot of people.
This matter had an influence on people.
لاحظ إستخدام الزمن الصحيح للفعل عند التحويل

Prepositions & Expressions

there's a problem with  هناك مشكلة في    
break down يتعطل
replace … with يستبدل .. بـ   
stand still    يقف بلا حراك
discuss … with يناقش .. مع   
feel excited about يشعر بالإثارة تجاه
be attached to مرتبط بـ / مرفق مع   
walk around يتجول ماشيا حول
do a space walk يقوم بالمشي في الفضاء   
look after = take care of يعتني بـ
be well trained to مدرب جيدا لكي   
on a radio programme في برنامج إذاعي
fly by rocket يطير مستقلا صاروخ
at a height of علي ارتفاع
benefit from يستفيد من   
live in space يعيش في الفضاء
a treatment for  علاج لـ   
land on the moon يهبط علي القمر
the distance from ... to المسافة من..إلي   
look down on ينظر من أعلي الي
suffer from يعاني من   
go shopping يذهب للتسوق
go for a walk يذهب للتمشية   
be interested in مهتم بـ
do weightless sports يقوم بأداء رياضات انعدام الوزن   
walk on the moon يمشي علي القمر
do gymnastics يقوم بأداء ألعاب الجمباز   
go on space holidays يقوم بأجازة في الفضاء
queue up يصطف في طابور    
agree with an opinion يتفق مع رأي
refer to يُشير الي   
fall to the ground يسقط علي الأرض
turn around يستدير   
take turns    يتبادل الأدوار
good luck with.. حظ سعيد في..   
have fun with يجد متعة في..

Words that go together

launch a campaign يشن حملة   
launch a satellite يُطلق قمر صناعي
rescue mission مهمة إنقاذ   
diplomatic mission مهمة دبلوماسية
humanitarian mission    مهمة إنسانية   
political system نظام سياسي
reveal a secret يكشف عن أو يُفشي سر   
grave violation انتهاك خطير
distance learning التعلم عن بعد   
mutual benefit فائدة متبادلة
maximum benefit فائدة قصوى   
benefit the economy     يفيد الاقتصاد
highly beneficial مفيد للغاية   
outer space الفضاء الخارجي
space shuttle مكوك فضاء   
vast area    مساحة شاسعة
arable land أرض قابلة للزراعة   
improve living conditions يُحسن ظروف المعيشة
respiratory system الجهاز التنفسي   
digestive system الجهاز الهضمي
circulatory system الجهاز الدوري   
nervous system الجهاز العصبي

Exercises on vocabulary and language notes
A-Choose the correct answer :
1- In order to know what is wrong, the doctor must ( search -  steal  - examine – think ) the patient.  
2- Modern technologies such as the mobile phone make ( procedure – opinion – process – communication ) easier.
3- The ride at the amusement park went down so fast that my body felt ( weightless – purple – disguised – fascinating ).
4- We ( professionally – currently – never - once ) own a Fiat car.
5- My sister can easily do a spin, as she has been doing ( side effects  – gymnastics – football – gravity ) for years.
6- One of the ( handles - pedals - chains – spokes ) on my bicycle wheel needs to be repaired.
7- The rain was so heavy that the water wheel ( launched - leaked - spun – washed ) for three days.
8- ( Gravity – Gymnastics – Spoke – Gravy ) is the force that keeps objects on earth.
9- The doctor assured us that there would be no ( systems – feeling - side effects – fashioning ) from the medicine.
10- The fashion house is now (  launching - lunching - condemning – coaching ) some new winter dresses.
11- The new satellite ( goes - runs - orbits – moves ) the earth every 48 hours.
12- They celebrated their wedding ( anniversary - memory - party – guests ) last week.
13- Objects fall to the ground owing to ( magnetism - gravity - pressure – fiction ).
14- The earth ( runs - forms - spins – orbits ) in its own axis.    
15- Astronauts float in space because they are ( weighty - weightless - having weight – weighing ).
16- Gymnastics and football are two sports that people can ( do - make - act – avoid ) in space.
17- He arrived ( a)at - in - to - no word ) Cairo Airport in the morning
18- The heat had a great ( affect - effect - effective – effects ) on them.
19- There was a ( lake - leak - link – like ) in the main pipe.
20- Objects ( fell - feel     - fall     - fill ) to the ground because of gravity.
21- The navy (launched – lunched – punched - attached) a new warship last week.
22- This matter is (costly – currently – distantly - tightly) being discussed.
23- To spin is to turn (around and around – on and off – up and down – forward and backward) very quickly.
24- I think there's a problem (of – at – for – with) my internet connection.
25- A space station will (turn – spin – move – orbit) the Earth.
26- There are now (agreements – amusements – treatments - appointments) for most side effects of space travel.
27- It's still not possible to accurately (predict – defect – convict – restrict) the occurrence of earthquakes.
28- China is going to (launch – branch – bunch - crash) a new satellite into space soon.
29- We always celebrate our wedding (anniversary – memory – memorial - failure) with dinner in an expensive restaurant.
30- We need to reform our educational (order – system – equipment - device).        

B- Find the mistakes and then write the sentence correctly:
1- Everyone has described the magic feeling of being in space.
2- Those who travelled in space have enjoyed the feeling of looking down on the Earth as it orbits below them.
3- For the most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holiday.
4- The more people want to do something, the cheapest it will become.
5- We should spend more money on education and health and few on new technology.
6- I helped him solving some problems.
7- Modern technology has improved everyone’s life.
8- Astronauts are well trained to make space walks.
9- Why was 25th January 2011 an important history.
10- He spent the evening study his lessons.
11- They will fly in rocket to a space station.
12- Just think about such holiday in space!
13- I wish you good luck in your mission.
14- Computer passwords should always be a secret. You should never tell anyone.
15- gravity is the power that makes objects fall to the ground.
16- After the storm, they had to compare the roof.
17- Two sparks in the wheel of my bicycle were broken.
18- In space, you can have fun with weighty football and gymnastics.
19- At the moment, the main advantage of a space holiday is its cost. It is very expensive.
20- Space tourists can make weightless sports in space.

Next session
Answer key – Unit 1
Grammar unit 1
Language functions unit 1
Exercises on grammar
Exercises on the whole unit
Distinguished exercises on unit 1

Best wishes