السبت، 10 أغسطس 2013

Grammar unit -1 - Reach For the Stars

Grammar unit -1 - Reach For The Stars
Future Forms    أشكال " تكوينات " المستقبل 
يتكون المستقبل البسيط من:
(1) will / shall + inf.
لاحظ استخدام will  مع كل الضمائر
shall  مع I / we   فقط:
يستخدم المستقبل البسيط مع كلمات مثل:
tomorrow - next ( year/month/week…) - in the future - soon -  in a year, month, week - this time next week - this time tomorrow
He'll visit you tomorrow morning.
They will meet us soon.
Where will you be this time next year?
يمكننا أيضا إستخدام تللك التعبيرات مع المستقبل البسيط
I expect …-  I'm sure …-  I think -  I don't think -  I wonder - probably - possibly -  I suppose - I hope - I believe -  I feel sure -  Perhaps..
I wonder what will happen.
I expect he will pass the test.
I don't think they will leave the city.
I'll probably be home late this evening.
ولا تنسى أيضا أننا نستخدم المستقبل فى الحالة الأولى
if  من 
If you study hard , you will get high marks.

Will is used:
1- To express a true fact      التعبير عن حقيقة           I'll be 18 next week.
2- To predict events      التنبؤ بالأحداث            The plane will land in half an hour.
3- To decide something quickly. اتخاذ قرار بعمل شيء     I'll have coffee, please.
4- To offer to do something       في حالة العرض    I'll clean the car for you.
5- To ask someone to do something  تطلب من شخص عمل شيء 
Will you look at my homework tonight?
6- To make a threat التهديد                          I'll resign if I don't get a pay rise.


Shall is used
1- To make suggestions: لعمل إقتراحات 
    Shall I meet you on Friday?    • Shall we have a party?
2- To make offers: لتقديم عروض
    Shall I help you with your homework?

صيغ الإختصارات من الإثنان
shall / will = 'll
I'll do it.        You'll do it.

وصيغ النفى هى
will not = won't           
shall = shan't 
We shall meet the boss tomorrow, shan't we?

(2) am / is / are + going to
 a) to express plans , intentions, decisions
للتغبير عن خطط ونوايا وقرارات
We are saving up because we are going to buy a car.
I'm going to make some coffee. Do you want some?
b) to express predictions with present reality or evidence
للتعبير عن تنبؤات مبنية على الواقع أو على دليل
I'm going to fail this exam. (I haven't done much work)
I think it's going to rain. The sky's looking very dark.
Watch out! The baby is going to fall.
She's very ill. I'm afraid she's going to die.
:
are you going to + inf. =  Do you intend to + inf. 
Are you going to buy a new car?       
    Do you intend to buy a new car?
Is she going to take the test?       
    Does she intend to take the test?

(3) Present continuous
used for arrangements
عمل ترتيبات معينة للحدث فى المستقبل
He's flying to India next Monday. (He's got his tickets.)
I'm going home in half an hour. (I have arranged it with the boss)
I can't see you tomorrow. We're visiting relatives.
I am seeing the boss tomorrow. (I have an appointment with him.)

(4) Present simple
يستخد للتعبير عن المستقبل فيما يخص الجداول القطارات والإمتحانات ومواعيد المدرسة ووسائل المواصلات والسينما والمسرح
The plane leaves Cairo Airport at 7 p.m.
They arrive in London at 11 p.m.
The play starts at 9.       
The course starts in October.
This lesson doesn't finish until 2.30.


Exercises on grammar Unit 1
Choose the correct answer:
1- Somebody is knocking on the door. I (am going – will go – have gone – go) and open it.
2- (Will you – Are you going to – Do you – Should you) help me with this heavy bag, please?
3- I expect that he (wins – will win – is going to win – is winning) the match.
4- My German lesson (is stating – starts – has been starting – start) at four o'clock this afternoon.
5- The launch of the satellite (is being – are being – is – was) at 7.50 tomorrow.
6- We (will – may – are going to – are) probably be there for two weeks.
7- I can't talk at the moment. I (do – will do – am doing – have done) my homework.
8- I can't meet you this afternoon. I (am doing – do – have done – may do) the shopping.
9- Hello, Ahmad. I (go – am going – have gone – would have gone) to the airport in a minute.
10- My plane (is leaving – shall leave – leave – leaves) at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
11- I am studying medicine. I (may be – am going to be – am being – be) a doctor.
12- She (will – should – is going to – may ) probably do the shopping tomorrow.
13- (Are you playing – Do you play – Shall you play – Do you go to play) tennis after school today?
14- Perhaps they (are visiting – are going to visit – will visit – may) visit us next Saturday.
15- It's arranged. We (will go – go – are going – may go) to the Red Sea this summer.
16- She (is flying – flies – fly – would fly) to Spain next Monday. Everything is arranged.
17- What are your plans for tomorrow? – I (am going to play – play – have played – shouldn't play) tennis with a friend.
18- He's driving at breakneck speed. He (has – would have – is going to have – is having) an accident.
19- Watch out! You (are dropping – drop – are going to drop – would drop) the glasses.
20-  I think my cousin (will study – studies – going to study – would study) engineering. He is very clever at Maths
21- Don't worry. I (lend – am lending – will lend – should lend) you the money you need.
22- I (am going to be – will be – am being – be) 25 next Monday.
23- I can't use my office at the moment. It (is decorated – will be decorated – may decorate – is being decorated).
24- Don't phone me at 8.00 a.m. tomorrow. I (drive – will be driving – have driven – would drive) the kids to school then.
25- Look at those black clouds. It (rains – is raining – is going to rain – isn't raining).
26- She (will – should – might – ought) probably be a great success.
27- She has decided that she (is studying – is going to study – was studying – will be studying) medicine.
28- Be careful! You (will spill – are spilling - are going to spill – spill) your coffee.
29- That's the phone. I (answer – am answering – would answer – will answer) it.
   
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- It is predicted that Egypt exports more goods next year.
2- The traffic is terrible. We miss our flight.
3- I am going to possibly come but I may not get back in time.
4- There's not a cloud in the sky. It's will be another warm day tomorrow.
5- Look at the queue. We're not getting in for hours.
6- Perhaps I am seeing him tomorrow.
7- I expect he is getting the job in a matter of days.
8-I shoot you if you come any closer.
9- I'm sorry I can't talk now. I'm calling you later.
10- I hope you are visiting me in my home one day. 



Language Functions Unit 1
Agreeing الموافقة and Disagreeing عدم الموافقة  with an opinion
 الموافقة وعدم الموافقة على رأى
Agreeing with an opinion               Disagreeing with an opinion
I (completely) agree.                      I (completely) disagree.
I couldn't agree more.                    I don't agree.
(Yes), you are quite right.               I'm not (so) sure.
I'd go along with that.                    I don't think so.
That's true.                                     That's (just) not true.

Exercises
Respond to the following situations:
1- Your brother thinks that global warming is a serious problem. You agree with him.
2- Your friend tells you that the English exam is so difficult. You think it's not true.
3- A tourist asks you about the next train to Luxor. Tell him there's one at ten o'clock.
4- Your friend asks you to go swimming tomorrow, but you have arranged to have lunch with your brother.
5- You ask your friend's opinion about the best way to keep fit.
6- Your sister tells you that prices are going up all the time. You agree completely.

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