Unit 5 Grammar - Agatha Christie: N or M
Passive Verbs - Past & Present
الأفعال فى صيغة المبنى للمجهول - الماضى و المضارع
الاستخدام
نستخدم صيغة المبنى للمجهول عندما لا نعرف من قام بالحدث
- My car was stolen last night. لا نعرف من قام بالحدث
نستخدم المبنى للمجهول عندما لا نهتم بمن قام بالفعل
- This house was built in 1930.نهتم بالفندق ولا نهتم بمن شيد الفندق
نستخدم المبنى للمجهول عندما لا نريد أن نقول من قام بالفعل
- A mistake was made.
خطوات تحويل الجملة من مبنى للمعلوم إلى مبنى للمجهول
1- المفعول به يحل محل الفاعل فى أول الجملة
2- نستخدم verb to be
فى نفس زمن الفعل الأصلى
3- نضع الفعل الأساسى فى الجملة فى التصريف الثالث PP.
4- نستخدم كلمة by
وبعدها الفاعل وهى ليست أساسية فى معظم الجمل ولكن لابد منها فى بعض الجمل كما سنبين
Form التكوين : object المفعول + v. to be فى نفس زمن الفعل + pp. التصريف الثالث
Present simple مضارع بسيط
am / is / are + pp.
People speak Arabic in Egypt . Active
Arabic is spoken in Egypt. Passive
Past simple ماضى بسيط
was / were + pp
Ali invited me to the party. Active
I was invited to the party. Passive
Present continuous مضارع مستمر
am / is / are + ving
تحول إلى
am / is / are + being + pp
The mechanic is repairing my car. Active
My car is being repaired. Passive
Past continuous ماضى مستمر
was / were + ving
تحول إلى
was / were + being + pp
Someone was watching me.
I was being watched.
Present perfect مضارع تام
has / have + pp
تحول إلى
has / have + been + pp
I have paid the bill.
The bill has been paid.
Past perfect ماضى تام
had + pp
تحول إلى
had + been + pp
I knew why they had picked me for the team.
I knew why I had been picked for the team.
Future simple مستقبل بسيط
will / shall + inf.
تحول إلى
will / shall + be + pp
They will buy a car.
A car will be bought.
Future perfect المستقبل التام
will + have + pp
تحول إلى
will + have + been + pp
He will have sent the money.
The money will have been spent.
Simple modals أفعال ناقصة بسيطة
will , would , shall , should , can , could , may , might
must , ought to , have to , has to , had to
will have to , needn’t , used to , be going to + inf.
تحول إلى
فعل ناقص + be + pp
We may find more oil.
More oil may be found.
Who are you going to invite?
Who is going to be invited?
Perfect modals أفعال ناقصة تامة
فعل ناقص + have + pp
تحول إلى
فعل ناقص + have + been + pp
He should have paid the bill.
The bill should have been paid.
الجملة المنفية تظل منفية في المبنى للمجهول:
don’t / doesn’t am not / isn’t / aren’t + PP.
didn’t wasn’t / weren’t + PP.
They don't sell butter here.
Butter is not sold here.
They didn’t send the letters.
The letters weren’t sent.
و تكون الجملة منفية أيضا إذا بدأت بكلمات مثل
Neither / No one / Nobody
Neither of them attended the meeting.
The meeting wasn’t attended by any of them.
إذا كانت الجملة تبدأ بـ
Nobody / No one
نحول ever إلى never
و فى حالة عدم و جودها ننفى بـ
not
Nobody has ever beaten me at chess.
I have never been beaten at chess.
No one must ever break the law.
The law must never be broken.
No one has seen him.
He has not been seen " by anyone " .
يمكن نستخدم get بدلا من be عند التحويل إلى المبنى للمجهول وذلك مع أفعال معينة مثل:
get arrested / get killed/ get married / get divorcedبطلق / get caught يقبض علي/ get elected ينتخب/ get lost / get hurt / get beaten يهزم/ get delayed يتأخر / get confused يرتبك / get burnt / get damaged / get firedيفصل من العمل / get run overيصـدم
The members of the council elected him.
= He was elected by the members of the council.
= He got elected by the members of the council.
The police caught the bank robbers.
=The bank robbers were caught.
=The bank robbers got caught.
لاحظ التالى
Marconi invented the radio.
لا يمكنك أن تقول
The radio was invented .
ولكن لابد من إكمالها بوضع الفاعل
The radio was invented by Marconi.
في حالة وجود مفعولين يمكن أن نبدأ بأي منهما في المبنى للمجهول و لكن لاحظ استخدام حرف جر عندما نبدأ بالمفعول المباشر.
She made me a cup of coffee.
I was made a cup of coffee.
A cup of coffee was made for me.
يستخدم حرف الجر
for مع أفعال معينة مثل
buy / build / find / order / make / leave / save / get / keep. (for)
يستخدم حرف الجر
to مع أفعال معينة مثل
give / bring / lend / offer / pass / read / sell / show / write. (to)
He sold me his old car.
His old car was sold to me.
لاحظ التحويل إلى المبني للمجهول في حالة وجود أحد الأفعال التالية
think / say / believe / know / consider / understand / claim / expect / allege / report / suppose / fear
People think that this building withstands earthquakes.
يمكن تحويل هذه الجملة إلى المبنى للمجهول بطريقتين
1- It + be + P.P. (التصريف الثالث من الفعل الأول ) + that + بقية الجمــلة
It is thought that this building withstands earthquakes.
2- فاعل الجملة الثانية + to Be + PP. (من الفعل الأول) + to-inf. من الفعل الثاني للجملة
This building is thought to withstand earthquakes.
إذا كانت الجملة في في الماضي أو المضارع التام أو الماضي التام
نستخدم فى التخويل الثانى المصدر التام
to have pp.
فاعل الجملة الثانية + to be + PP(من الفعل الأول) + to have + PP.
People say that he stole the money.
It is said he stole the money.
He is said to have stolen the money.
مثال آخر للتحويل
People believe that she stole the documents.
= It is believed that she stole the documents.
= It is believed that the documents were stolen.
= She is believed to have stolen the documents.
لاحظ التحويل مع هذه الأفعال
make/see/hear
He saw them go out.
They were seen to go out
He let me go.
I was allowed to go.
لاحظ التحويلات التالية
فى حالة وجود adv.
يوضع قبل التصريف الثالث.
You must plan your work carefully.
Your work must be carefully planned.
I want you to tell me the truth.
I want to be told the truth.
I hate people telling me lies.
I hate being told lies.
إذا كان الفاعل و المفعول واحد مع الفعل
let
نستخدم ضمير منعكس ثم
be ثم p.p.
و الضمائر المنعكسة هى
myself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / themselves / yourself / yourselves
He doesn’t let others laugh at him.
He doesn’t let himself be laughed at.
They let people cheat them.
They let themselves be cheated.
She let me use her computer.
I was allowed to use her computer.
في حالة وجود مضارع مستمر نستخدم
to be + ing :
I think he is making a plan.
It is thought that he is making a plan.
= It is thought that a plan is being made.
= He is thought to be making a plan.
في حالة وجود ماضي مستمر نستخدم
to be +V- ing أو to have been +V- ing
I think he was making a plan.
It is thought that he was making a plan.
He is thought to be making/ to have been making a plan.
Exercises on Grammar
Choose the correct answer:
1-Houses (design – have designed – are designed – are designing) to be warm in winter and cool in summer.
2-Our car (is being repaired – is repairing – has repaired – will repair) this week.
3-They (were built – will be built – have been built – built) these flats in 1965.
4-The car (drives – was driving – was being driven – will drive) too fast.
5-We (have invited – will invite – has invited – have been invited) to a party at the weekend.
6-The headmaster (had been warned – had warned – is warned – will be warned) the students about being late for school.
7-I expect we (will be told – will tell – have told – had told) where to go.
8-Charles Dickens (writes – is written – was written – wrote) Gullivers' Travels a long time ago.
9-He (has sold – will sell – was selling – sold) the car for 10,000 pounds last week.
10-The bus (was broken – broke – breaks – has been broken) down yesterday.
11-They turned and (were run – have been run – ran – running) when they saw us coming.
12-This picture (painted – was painted – is painted – has been painted) by my friend last week.
13-Before roads (were building – built – were built – have been built) across the desert, few visitors came to this town.
14-She (was accused – has accused – had accused – was accusing) of forging money.
15-It is (saying – says – said – say) that the building was started in 237 BC.
16-It (has believed – is believed – is believing – had believed) that wolves and foxes were hunted in Sinai 3,000 years ago.
17-The newspaper (reports – is reported – has been reported – is being reported) that food prices increased by ten percent last year.
18-It (is fearing – has feared – will fear – is feared) that there are no survivors of the crash.
19-She is thought to (be suffered – being suffered – have suffered – suffers) from amnesia.
20-Some of her stories (base – is based – are based – are basing) on her travels to some countries.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1-Her best books have published in over a hundred countries.
2-Since then, the play performs without a break.
3-She was teaching at home by her mother.
4-They were arresting by the police last night.
5-Since then, the actors have been changing several times.
6-The night will spend in a hotel because of heavy snow.
7-The crime has solved.
8-The story is about a group of people who are not knowing to each other.
9-It has known that smoking causes serious diseases.
10-It is now being known that last month was the hottest for two years.
11-The same characters were playing by the same actors.
12-It has been reporting that foreign tourism increased by 20% last year.
13-Many of Agatha Christie's stories have made into films and TV programmes.
14-A 78-year old man has been won this year's prize for crime fiction.
15-A terrible thing was happened yesterday.
16-The sun is risen in the east.
17-A famous tennis player is believed to be hurting after a city centre road accident.
18-It is believed that young children can be teaching languages at school.
19-A new pyramid at Saqqara has found by archaeologists.
20-Nobody saw near the crime scene.
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