UNIT 15 - The Future of Books
Vocabulary
available متاح / متوافر
download (v) يحمل - من النت
enthusiastic about (adj.) متحمس بشأن
gadget جهاز صغير
paperback (book) كتاب ذو غلاف ورقي
screen شاشة
bleach (v) يُبُيض / يجعل لونه أبيض
encyclopedia موسوعة / دائرة معارف
mixture خليط / مزيج
press (v) يضغط
recycle (v) يُعيد استخدام
roller بكرة أو اسطوانة
soak (v) ينقع أو يغمر في سائل
recycling إعادة الاستخدام
availability توافر / إتاحة
enthusiast (n) شخص متحمس
enthusiasm حماس / تحمس
roll يدور / يلف
recyclable قابل للاستخدام مرة أخري
traditional books الكتب التقليدية
an electronic book كتاب الكتروني
e-book reader جهاز لقراءة الكتب
up-to-date أحدث
disappear completely يختفي تماما
e-mail بريد الكترونى
website موقع علي الانترنت
theatre tickets تذاكر المسرح
CD ROM (compact disk read only memory) اسطوانة
trademark علامة تجارية
papyrus ورق البردي
logs قطع من الخشب
chemicals مواد كيميائية
enormous quantity كمية هائلة
compact disk قرص مضغوط
still pictures صور ثابتة
moving pictures صور متحركة
upload يقوم برفع برامج علي الانترنت
public libraries المكتبات العامة
enormity ضخامة / فداحة
tourist places أماكن سياحية
recession كساد اقتصادي
hindrance عقبة / عائق
turning point نقطة تحول
a stumbling block عقبة / عائق / حجر عثرة
grow quickly تنمو بسرعة
a common type نوع شائع
agricultural production الإنتاج الزراعي
industrial production الإنتاج الصناعي
about the same size as تقريبا في نفس حجم
pressing buttons الضغط علي الأزرار
reduce the price يقلل السعر
available online متوافر علي الانترنت
bestsellers الكتب الأفضل بيعا أو رواجا
partly جزئيا
digital رقمي
a range of books مجموعة متنوعة من الكتب
adapt يُعدل / يتأقلم
road accidents حوادث الطرق
collection مجموعة
go wrong يتعطل
smooth ناعم / أملس / مصقول
stationery الأدوات الكتابية
maps خرائط
adverts إعلانات
menu قائمة الطعام
wrapping لف / تغليف
leaflets منشورات / نشرة مطبوعة
brochure كتيب به صور أو معلومات
go online يستخدم الانترنت
suppose يفترض
efficient كُفء
latest technology أحث التكنولوجيا
generalize يُعمم
motivate يُحفز
persevere يثابر
incentive حافز
uphold/upheld يدعُم / يؤيد
log/logged (يقطع (الأشجار
Prepositions and Expressions:
roll in يتدفق بكميات كبيرة
roll up يطوي
find information on the internet يجد معلومات علي الانترنت
good for the environment مفيد للبيئة
get information from the internet يحصل علي معلومات من الانترنت
be replaced by يتم استبداله بـ
replace … with يستبدل ... بـ
draw on paper يرسم علي الورق
be produced from يتم إنتاجه من
break into small pieces يكسر أو يجزأ إلي قطع صغيرة
cut down trees يقطع الأشجار
cut down prices يقلل الأسعار
hold huge amounts of تحمل أو تتسع لكميات هائلة
become part of history يصبح جزءا من التاريخ / لا يعد يستخدم
go on a business trip يذهب في رحلة عمل
make new friends يتخذ أصدقاء جُدد
work for a charity يعمل لدي مؤسسة خيرية
instead of بدلا من
business relationship علاقة عمل
business meeting اجتماع عمل
a five-day programme برنامج يستغرق خمسة أيام
receive an award for يتلقي جائزة عن
be mixed with chemicals يتم خلطها بمواد كيميائية
trade with يتاجر مع
on the other hand من ناحية أخري
the price goes down يقل السعر
for environmental reasons لأسباب بيئية
range from … to … يتراوح من .. إلي ..
take up a lot of space تشغل حيزا كبيرا
keep up with يواكب / يساير
work for the common good يعمل للصالح العام
bring someone round يعيد شخص إلي وعيه
make way for يُخلي المكان أو الطريق لـ
Read the following passage carefully:
In Ancient Egypt, a type of tall grass called papyrus, which grew in the Nile valley, was used for writing and drawing on. Before it could be used, the leaves of the grass were soaked in water, pressed together and then dried in the sun.
The first real paper was made by the Chinese two thousand years ago. In the eighth century, Arab travellers who traded with China learned how to make it, too. At first, paper was very expensive because it was made from cotton, but later it was produced from wood and so became much cheaper.
To make paper from wood, logs are broken into small pieces which are then mixed with chemicals and bleached. Water is removed from the mixture, which then passes through hot rollers to produce continuous pieces of dry paper.
Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make new paper Fortunately, the type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly, but old paper can also be recycled. Most of today's newspapers and magazines are made from recycled paper.
For hundreds of years, an enormous quantity of paper has been used to produce books, especially very large books like encyclopedias. Now, encyclopedias and other books can be put onto CD-ROMs: special computer disks which can hold huge amounts of information. Sound and pictures can also be put on CD-ROMs.
Many people think that soon everybody will have a computer and we will get all our information from the internet or from CD-ROMs. They believe that public libraries will no longer be needed and that printing will become part of history.
Definitions
available = if something is available , you can get it , buy it or use it
download = to move information from one part of a computer system to another
enthusiastic = showing a lot of interest and excitement about something
gadget = a small tool or machine that helps you do something
paperback = a book with a soft paper cover.
screen = the flat, glass part of a TV or a computer.
bleach = to make something white or lighter in colour by using chemicals or sunlight.
encyclopedia = a book that contains facts about many subjects.
mixture = something that is made by mixing two or more different substances together.
press = to push something firmly and steadily .
recycle = to put used objects or materials through a process so that they can be used again.
roller = a cylinder –shaped piece of wood , metal etc that can be rolled over and over
soak = to cover something with liquid for a period of time.
Language Notes
fit (يناسب ( المقاس That jacket fits you perfectly.
suit ( يناسب ( الشكل That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it.
match يتماشي / يتوافق Does this shirt match these trousers?
together = with each other معا / سويا
altogether = completely تماما
You mix all the dry ingredients together before you add the milk.
It's all right working with him, but living with him would be a different matter altogether.
trade with يتاجر مع India began trading with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.
trade in يتاجر فى The company has been trading in oil for many years.
later فيما بعد Later that month we got another letter from them asking for more money.
(the) latter = the second شيء أو شخص المذكور ثانيا She offered me more money or a car and I chose the latter.
on تعبيرات بـ
on an island
on a farm on foot
on display معروض
on purpose عمدا
on the whole بصفة عامة
on his way to فى طريقه إلى
on holiday / vacation فى أجازة
on the internet على النت
on the telephone على التليفون
on the radio فى الراديو
on duty في الخدمة / نوبتجى
on business فى مهمة عمل
on Monday/Friday الأيام
a tax on ضريبة علي
restrictions on قيود علي
on the plane فى الطائرة
on the train فى القطار
on the menu فى قائمة الطعام
on the staff من ضمن هيئة العاملين
on admission عند الدخول
contact him on يتصل به علي رقم ...
an effect on تأثير على
an influence on تأثير على
a conference on مؤتمر عن
information on معلومات عن
a book on on the advice of بناء علي نصيحة
Have = have got = own = possess يملك
I have a car . = I have got a car. = I own a car . = I possess a car .
Do you have a car = Have you got a car?
I don't have a car. = I haven't got a car.
للتعبير عن الملكية فى الماضى had
I had a car when I was in London.
للتعبير عن الملكية في المستقبل will have
I will have a computer next week.
I want to have a camera. ( not have got ) to بعد
I should have a lot of money to buy this car. ( not have got ) بعد الأفعال الناقصة
تستخدم بمعاني أخري غير يملك ولا تستخدم ( not have got )
Have a meal / have a party / have a holiday / have an accident
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1- My mother has a special (gauge – garage - gadget – garbage) for cutting vegetables.
2- Ali is really (enthusiastic – egotistic – aquatic – fanatic) about his university course. He can't wait for the beginning of the term.
3- I'm going to (downtown - download – downstream – downplay) some information from the internet for my school project.
4- The television picture is really clear. You have an enormous (steam – scream – screen – beam).
5- This novel is not (bearable – affordable – avoidable – available) as an e-book yet, but you'll be able to get it next year.
6- The best thing about a (paperback – paperwork – paperclip – paper shop) is that you can easily carry it and read it at any time.
7- Her brother has not shown any (idealism – symbolism - enthusiasm – patriotism) for any sport of any kind.
8- I wanted to complain to the manager of the shop, but he was (unattainable – unavailable – unavoidable – unbelievable).
9- Today, paper, plastic and glass can all be (recycled – replaced – recited – retarded).
10- Before you can cook these beans, you have to (bleach – drown – sink - soak) them for 3 hours.
11- The story is an interesting (furniture - torture– encyclopedia - mixture) of fact and fiction.
12- You can (press – bleach – approach - attach) white shirts to keep them looking clean.
13- (Encyclopedias – CD-ROMs – Biographies - Screens) can hold a lot of information and are small enough to carry in your pocket.
14- Oil and water don't (fix – prefix – suffix - mix). Even if you shake them together they separate into two layers.
15- To start the machine, just give this button a (bless – brass – press – stress).
16- The vase (pulled - rolled – pushed – walked) off the edge of the table and smashed.
17- These shirts are all (reached – pinched - - bleached – watched).
18- A/An (CD-ROM – encyclopedia – screen - gadget) is a disc on which large quantities of information can be stored.
19- A/An (novel – story - encyclopedia - tale) is a large book that contains facts.
20- To bleach is to make something (right – fight - white – wide) by using chemicals.
21- A/An (process – mixture – operation - development) is something made by mixing two or more things together.
22- To (confess – depress – press - undress) is to push something hard.
23- To (repeat – retreat – renovate - recycle) is to put used objects through a process so that they can be used again.
24- A (roller – ruler – boiler - beaker) is a round piece of wood or metal that can be rolled.
25- To (stock – shrink – soak - remove) means to cover something with liquid for a period of time.
26- Grants are (deniable – available – collectable - enviable) to students who have high grades.
27- Hala was full of (ecotourism – escapism – enthusiasm – socialism) for the plan.
28- You can get this novel as an (e-book / e-mail / e-learning / e-commerce) from the bookshop over there.
29- I'm going to (download – upload – load – afford) some software from this website.
30-When you are reading an e-book, you can turn the pages by (pleasing – deleting – pressing – avoiding) buttons or by touching the screen.
31- When we use less paper, hundreds of forests will be (destroyed – demolished – built – saved).
32- (Recycling – Receiving – Reappearing – Recording) is definitely good for the environment.
33-She is not very (fantastic – climatic - enthusiastic – diabetic) about the idea.
34- When more and more people buy something, the price (goes up - goes down – goes away – goes out).
35- Papyrus was used for (shrinking - writing – counting – sneezing) and drawing on.
36- The first paper was (done – gone – made – looked) by the Chinese two thousand years ago.
37- When paper was made (of - from – in – at) wood, it became much cheaper.
38- Every year, millions of trees are cut (in – of – with – down) to make new paper.
39- Most of today's newspapers and magazines are made from (recited – recycled – removed – redone) paper.
40- CD-ROMs can (hold – catch – touch – fetch) huge amounts of information.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- In the near future, we will get all our information from the interrupt.
2- Some people predict that printing will become part of geography in the future.
3- He poured the lecture into four small dishes.
4- The Arabs taught how to make paper from the Chinese.
5- Since the invention of paper, boots have been used to educate people and for enjoyment.
6- Some people believe that CD-ROMs will replace laboratories.
7- She bought a little garment for squeezing oranges.
8- To get coffee, put your money in the machine and dress the green button.
9- My cousin is a football enthusiastic. He never misses a match.
10- This information can be viewed on scorn or printed out.
Vocabulary
available متاح / متوافر
download (v) يحمل - من النت
enthusiastic about (adj.) متحمس بشأن
gadget جهاز صغير
paperback (book) كتاب ذو غلاف ورقي
screen شاشة
bleach (v) يُبُيض / يجعل لونه أبيض
encyclopedia موسوعة / دائرة معارف
mixture خليط / مزيج
press (v) يضغط
recycle (v) يُعيد استخدام
roller بكرة أو اسطوانة
soak (v) ينقع أو يغمر في سائل
recycling إعادة الاستخدام
availability توافر / إتاحة
enthusiast (n) شخص متحمس
enthusiasm حماس / تحمس
roll يدور / يلف
recyclable قابل للاستخدام مرة أخري
traditional books الكتب التقليدية
an electronic book كتاب الكتروني
e-book reader جهاز لقراءة الكتب
up-to-date أحدث
disappear completely يختفي تماما
e-mail بريد الكترونى
website موقع علي الانترنت
theatre tickets تذاكر المسرح
CD ROM (compact disk read only memory) اسطوانة
trademark علامة تجارية
papyrus ورق البردي
logs قطع من الخشب
chemicals مواد كيميائية
enormous quantity كمية هائلة
compact disk قرص مضغوط
still pictures صور ثابتة
moving pictures صور متحركة
upload يقوم برفع برامج علي الانترنت
public libraries المكتبات العامة
enormity ضخامة / فداحة
tourist places أماكن سياحية
recession كساد اقتصادي
hindrance عقبة / عائق
turning point نقطة تحول
a stumbling block عقبة / عائق / حجر عثرة
grow quickly تنمو بسرعة
a common type نوع شائع
agricultural production الإنتاج الزراعي
industrial production الإنتاج الصناعي
about the same size as تقريبا في نفس حجم
pressing buttons الضغط علي الأزرار
reduce the price يقلل السعر
available online متوافر علي الانترنت
bestsellers الكتب الأفضل بيعا أو رواجا
partly جزئيا
digital رقمي
a range of books مجموعة متنوعة من الكتب
adapt يُعدل / يتأقلم
road accidents حوادث الطرق
collection مجموعة
go wrong يتعطل
smooth ناعم / أملس / مصقول
stationery الأدوات الكتابية
maps خرائط
adverts إعلانات
menu قائمة الطعام
wrapping لف / تغليف
leaflets منشورات / نشرة مطبوعة
brochure كتيب به صور أو معلومات
go online يستخدم الانترنت
suppose يفترض
efficient كُفء
latest technology أحث التكنولوجيا
generalize يُعمم
motivate يُحفز
persevere يثابر
incentive حافز
uphold/upheld يدعُم / يؤيد
log/logged (يقطع (الأشجار
Prepositions and Expressions:
roll in يتدفق بكميات كبيرة
roll up يطوي
find information on the internet يجد معلومات علي الانترنت
good for the environment مفيد للبيئة
get information from the internet يحصل علي معلومات من الانترنت
be replaced by يتم استبداله بـ
replace … with يستبدل ... بـ
draw on paper يرسم علي الورق
be produced from يتم إنتاجه من
break into small pieces يكسر أو يجزأ إلي قطع صغيرة
cut down trees يقطع الأشجار
cut down prices يقلل الأسعار
hold huge amounts of تحمل أو تتسع لكميات هائلة
become part of history يصبح جزءا من التاريخ / لا يعد يستخدم
go on a business trip يذهب في رحلة عمل
make new friends يتخذ أصدقاء جُدد
work for a charity يعمل لدي مؤسسة خيرية
instead of بدلا من
business relationship علاقة عمل
business meeting اجتماع عمل
a five-day programme برنامج يستغرق خمسة أيام
receive an award for يتلقي جائزة عن
be mixed with chemicals يتم خلطها بمواد كيميائية
trade with يتاجر مع
on the other hand من ناحية أخري
the price goes down يقل السعر
for environmental reasons لأسباب بيئية
range from … to … يتراوح من .. إلي ..
take up a lot of space تشغل حيزا كبيرا
keep up with يواكب / يساير
work for the common good يعمل للصالح العام
bring someone round يعيد شخص إلي وعيه
make way for يُخلي المكان أو الطريق لـ
Read the following passage carefully:
In Ancient Egypt, a type of tall grass called papyrus, which grew in the Nile valley, was used for writing and drawing on. Before it could be used, the leaves of the grass were soaked in water, pressed together and then dried in the sun.
The first real paper was made by the Chinese two thousand years ago. In the eighth century, Arab travellers who traded with China learned how to make it, too. At first, paper was very expensive because it was made from cotton, but later it was produced from wood and so became much cheaper.
To make paper from wood, logs are broken into small pieces which are then mixed with chemicals and bleached. Water is removed from the mixture, which then passes through hot rollers to produce continuous pieces of dry paper.
Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make new paper Fortunately, the type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly, but old paper can also be recycled. Most of today's newspapers and magazines are made from recycled paper.
For hundreds of years, an enormous quantity of paper has been used to produce books, especially very large books like encyclopedias. Now, encyclopedias and other books can be put onto CD-ROMs: special computer disks which can hold huge amounts of information. Sound and pictures can also be put on CD-ROMs.
Many people think that soon everybody will have a computer and we will get all our information from the internet or from CD-ROMs. They believe that public libraries will no longer be needed and that printing will become part of history.
Definitions
available = if something is available , you can get it , buy it or use it
download = to move information from one part of a computer system to another
enthusiastic = showing a lot of interest and excitement about something
gadget = a small tool or machine that helps you do something
paperback = a book with a soft paper cover.
screen = the flat, glass part of a TV or a computer.
bleach = to make something white or lighter in colour by using chemicals or sunlight.
encyclopedia = a book that contains facts about many subjects.
mixture = something that is made by mixing two or more different substances together.
press = to push something firmly and steadily .
recycle = to put used objects or materials through a process so that they can be used again.
roller = a cylinder –shaped piece of wood , metal etc that can be rolled over and over
soak = to cover something with liquid for a period of time.
Language Notes
fit (يناسب ( المقاس That jacket fits you perfectly.
suit ( يناسب ( الشكل That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it.
match يتماشي / يتوافق Does this shirt match these trousers?
together = with each other معا / سويا
altogether = completely تماما
You mix all the dry ingredients together before you add the milk.
It's all right working with him, but living with him would be a different matter altogether.
trade with يتاجر مع India began trading with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.
trade in يتاجر فى The company has been trading in oil for many years.
later فيما بعد Later that month we got another letter from them asking for more money.
(the) latter = the second شيء أو شخص المذكور ثانيا She offered me more money or a car and I chose the latter.
on تعبيرات بـ
on an island
on a farm on foot
on display معروض
on purpose عمدا
on the whole بصفة عامة
on his way to فى طريقه إلى
on holiday / vacation فى أجازة
on the internet على النت
on the telephone على التليفون
on the radio فى الراديو
on duty في الخدمة / نوبتجى
on business فى مهمة عمل
on Monday/Friday الأيام
a tax on ضريبة علي
restrictions on قيود علي
on the plane فى الطائرة
on the train فى القطار
on the menu فى قائمة الطعام
on the staff من ضمن هيئة العاملين
on admission عند الدخول
contact him on يتصل به علي رقم ...
an effect on تأثير على
an influence on تأثير على
a conference on مؤتمر عن
information on معلومات عن
a book on on the advice of بناء علي نصيحة
Have = have got = own = possess يملك
I have a car . = I have got a car. = I own a car . = I possess a car .
Do you have a car = Have you got a car?
I don't have a car. = I haven't got a car.
للتعبير عن الملكية فى الماضى had
I had a car when I was in London.
للتعبير عن الملكية في المستقبل will have
I will have a computer next week.
I want to have a camera. ( not have got ) to بعد
I should have a lot of money to buy this car. ( not have got ) بعد الأفعال الناقصة
تستخدم بمعاني أخري غير يملك ولا تستخدم ( not have got )
Have a meal / have a party / have a holiday / have an accident
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1- My mother has a special (gauge – garage - gadget – garbage) for cutting vegetables.
2- Ali is really (enthusiastic – egotistic – aquatic – fanatic) about his university course. He can't wait for the beginning of the term.
3- I'm going to (downtown - download – downstream – downplay) some information from the internet for my school project.
4- The television picture is really clear. You have an enormous (steam – scream – screen – beam).
5- This novel is not (bearable – affordable – avoidable – available) as an e-book yet, but you'll be able to get it next year.
6- The best thing about a (paperback – paperwork – paperclip – paper shop) is that you can easily carry it and read it at any time.
7- Her brother has not shown any (idealism – symbolism - enthusiasm – patriotism) for any sport of any kind.
8- I wanted to complain to the manager of the shop, but he was (unattainable – unavailable – unavoidable – unbelievable).
9- Today, paper, plastic and glass can all be (recycled – replaced – recited – retarded).
10- Before you can cook these beans, you have to (bleach – drown – sink - soak) them for 3 hours.
11- The story is an interesting (furniture - torture– encyclopedia - mixture) of fact and fiction.
12- You can (press – bleach – approach - attach) white shirts to keep them looking clean.
13- (Encyclopedias – CD-ROMs – Biographies - Screens) can hold a lot of information and are small enough to carry in your pocket.
14- Oil and water don't (fix – prefix – suffix - mix). Even if you shake them together they separate into two layers.
15- To start the machine, just give this button a (bless – brass – press – stress).
16- The vase (pulled - rolled – pushed – walked) off the edge of the table and smashed.
17- These shirts are all (reached – pinched - - bleached – watched).
18- A/An (CD-ROM – encyclopedia – screen - gadget) is a disc on which large quantities of information can be stored.
19- A/An (novel – story - encyclopedia - tale) is a large book that contains facts.
20- To bleach is to make something (right – fight - white – wide) by using chemicals.
21- A/An (process – mixture – operation - development) is something made by mixing two or more things together.
22- To (confess – depress – press - undress) is to push something hard.
23- To (repeat – retreat – renovate - recycle) is to put used objects through a process so that they can be used again.
24- A (roller – ruler – boiler - beaker) is a round piece of wood or metal that can be rolled.
25- To (stock – shrink – soak - remove) means to cover something with liquid for a period of time.
26- Grants are (deniable – available – collectable - enviable) to students who have high grades.
27- Hala was full of (ecotourism – escapism – enthusiasm – socialism) for the plan.
28- You can get this novel as an (e-book / e-mail / e-learning / e-commerce) from the bookshop over there.
29- I'm going to (download – upload – load – afford) some software from this website.
30-When you are reading an e-book, you can turn the pages by (pleasing – deleting – pressing – avoiding) buttons or by touching the screen.
31- When we use less paper, hundreds of forests will be (destroyed – demolished – built – saved).
32- (Recycling – Receiving – Reappearing – Recording) is definitely good for the environment.
33-She is not very (fantastic – climatic - enthusiastic – diabetic) about the idea.
34- When more and more people buy something, the price (goes up - goes down – goes away – goes out).
35- Papyrus was used for (shrinking - writing – counting – sneezing) and drawing on.
36- The first paper was (done – gone – made – looked) by the Chinese two thousand years ago.
37- When paper was made (of - from – in – at) wood, it became much cheaper.
38- Every year, millions of trees are cut (in – of – with – down) to make new paper.
39- Most of today's newspapers and magazines are made from (recited – recycled – removed – redone) paper.
40- CD-ROMs can (hold – catch – touch – fetch) huge amounts of information.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- In the near future, we will get all our information from the interrupt.
2- Some people predict that printing will become part of geography in the future.
3- He poured the lecture into four small dishes.
4- The Arabs taught how to make paper from the Chinese.
5- Since the invention of paper, boots have been used to educate people and for enjoyment.
6- Some people believe that CD-ROMs will replace laboratories.
7- She bought a little garment for squeezing oranges.
8- To get coffee, put your money in the machine and dress the green button.
9- My cousin is a football enthusiastic. He never misses a match.
10- This information can be viewed on scorn or printed out.
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