UNIT 11 - Dumas ; The Count of Monte Cristo

UNIT 11 - Dumas ; The Count of Monte Cristo

Vocabulary:
finance (n / v)  تمويل / موارد مالية (جمع) / يمول    
historical    ذو قيمة تاريخية أو مرتبط بالتاريخ
lecturer   مُحاضر   
object to (v)  يعترض علي
assistant    مساعد   
imprisonment  الحبس / السجن
playwright       كاتب مسرحي   
accuse of    يتهم بـ
envious    حسود   
fiancé   خطيب
fiancée   خطيبة   
recognize    يتعرف علي
revenge    الثأر / الانتقام / ينتقم   
treason    الخيانة
victim   ضحية   
historical story   قصة تاريخية
historical novel   رواية تاريخية   
poems    قصائد
poetry   الشعر   
poet   شاعر
adventure stories    قصص المغامرات   
newspaper article    مقالة صحفية
employ    يوظف   
contemporary   معاصر
politician    سياسي (الشخص)   
truth   الحقيقة
novelist   روائي   
captain    قبطان
financial problems    مشكلات مالية   
financial crisis    أزمة مالية
count   كونت لقب أوروبي   
countess    كونتيسة
take revenge   يثأر / ينتقم   
encounter    يواجه
musketeer   فارس   
guest   ضيف
host   مُضيف   
immediate success    نجاح فوري
accurate    دقيق   
accuracy    دقة
unfortunately   للأسف / لسوء الحظ   
channel    قناة
technical problem    مشكلة فنية   
nation    أمة / دولة
nationality    جنسية   
mathematician   عالم رياضيات
diamond    ماس   
cautious    حَذِر
gestures    إيماءات   
criticize    ينقد
interrupt    يقاطع (الحديث)   
orphan    يتيم
niece    بنت الأخ أو الأخت   
nephew    ابن الأخ أو الأخت
father-in-law   والد الزوج أو الزوجة   
mother-in-law   والدة الزوج أو الزوجة
step father   زوج الأم   
step mother   زوجة الأب
widow   أرملة   
widower    أرمل
bride   عروس   
bridegroom   عريس
dowry   مهر   
divorce   طلاق
enthusiastic   متحمس   
obedient   مطيع
marine life   الحياة البحرية   
ecology    علم دراسة البيئة
multimedia   الوسائط المتعددة   
preventive measures   إجراءات وقائية
desertification   التصحـر   
hazards    مخاطر / أخطار
imminent danger    خطر وشيك   
soil pollution   تلوث التربة
deforestation   إزالة الغابات   
convict   يُدين / مُدان

Words and their antonyms: كلمات وعكسها
obedient    مطيع                   disobedient    غير مطيع
employed (adj.)    عامل        unemployed    عاطل
object    يعترض                    approve/accept    يوافق / يقبل
recognize    يتعرف علي         forget    ينسي
treason    الخيانة                  loyalty    ولاء / إخلاص
bearable    يمكن احتماله         unbearable    لا يمكن احتماله / لا يطاق
find    يجد / يعثر علي               lose    يضيع
marry    يتزوج                     divorce    يطلق
happy    سعيد                      gloomy    حزين
sane    عاقل                         insane    مجنون
delay    يؤخر                       advance    يُقدم
single    أعزب                      married    متزوج
accuse    يتهم                      acquit    يبرئ
reward    يكافأ                       punish    يعاقب

Words and their synonyms:
treason  الخيانة             betrayal              enemy  عدو                     foe
object  يعترض              oppose              accuse of  يتهم بـ             charge with
adolescent   مراهق       teenager          revenge   ينتقم                 avenge
beauty  الجمال              prettiness          finally   في النهاية               ultimately
bear  يحتمل                  endure                behaviour  سلوك             conduct
amazing  مدهش            astounding       successful  ناجح             prosperous
valuable  قيم                precious            prison   سجن                   jail
mad                            insane               escape  يهرب                 get away / run away
happy                         joyful                  victory   نصر / انتصار      triumph
recognize يتعرف علي    identify                cunning  ماكر                  sly
worried                      nervy                  tax   ضريبة                      levy

Prepositions and Expressions:
near to    قريب من   
on the cover of the book    علي غلاف الكتاب
work for someone    يعمل لدي شخص   
a secretary to someone    سكرتير
be jealous of    غيور من   
be envious of    حسود لـ
at the beginning of    في بداية ..   
at the end of    في نهاية
be sent to prison for life    يُحكم عليه بالسجن المؤبد   
on his wedding day    في يوم زفافه
escape from prison    يهرب من السجن   
in recognition of    اعترافا بـ / تقديرا لـ
in revenge for    انتقاماَ لـ   
in different ways    بطرق مختلفة
guilty of    مذنب بـ   
innocent of    بريء من
value  friends    يُقدر الأصدقاء   
get married to    يتزوج من
rescue from    ينقذ من   
share ideas with    يتشارك في الأفكار مع
look up    يبحث عن (معلومة)   
a lonely childhood    طفولة وحيدة
inform of/about    يخبر بـ / يبلغ بـ   
catch up with    يساير / يواكب
objection to/against    اعتراض علي   
get engaged to    يخطب فتاة

Irregular Verbs:
learn/learned/learned
learn/learnt/learnt    يتعلم   
lose/lost/lost    يفقد/ يضيع
lend/lent/lent    يسلف   
make/made/made    يصنع/ يجعل
let/let/let    يدع/ يسمح   
mean/meant/meant    يعني
lie/lay/lain    يرقد/ ينام   
meet/met/met    يقابل
light/lit/lit
light/lighted/lighted    يضيء/ يشعل   
mislead/misled/misled    يضلل

Words that go together  كلمات متوافقة
disturb the balance of nature    يُحث خلل في توازن الطبيعة   
friendly countries    الدول الصديقة
get the credit    ينال التقدير والمديح   
international finance    تمويل دولي
historical turning point    نقطة تحول تاريخية   
give a lecture    يُلقي محاضرة
on the ground that    علي أساس أن   
be widely recognized    معترف به علي نطاق واسع
a desire for revenge    رغبة في الانتقام   
high treason    الخيانة العظمي
innocent victims    ضحايا أبرياء   
civilian victims    ضحايا مدنيين
disaster victims    ضحايا الكارثة   
financial reward    مكافأة مالية
intimate friendship    صداقة حميمة   
the spirit of friendship    روح الصداقة
accuse unjustly    يتهم ظلما   
comparatively cheap    رخيص نسبيا
a reliable witness    شاهد موثوق فيه   
severe punishment    عقاب صارم
financial assistance    مساعدة مالية   
be easy prey for    يكون فريسة سهلة لـ

Read the following passage carefully:
At the beginning of the story, Edmond Dantes, the 19-year-old hero of The Count of Monte Cristo, is a happy, successful young man. He is a ship's captain and he is soon going to be married to his fiancée, Mercedes. However, some of Edmond's friends are envious of him and they write a letter accusing him of treason. Edmond is arrested on his wedding day and is sent to prison for life.
After Edmond has been in prison for a number of years, Mercedes marries another man. In prison, Edmond meets an old man called Faria, who teaches him about History and Science. He also tells Edmond that he can have the valuable treasure he has hidden on the island of Monte Cristo.
When Faria dies, Edmond escapes from prison, goes to Monte Cristo and finds the treasure. Now a wealthy man, he decides to use his new money to reward the people who have helped him and to punish his enemies.
He finds one of these enemies, Caderousse, who gives him the names of the others. Caderousse now regrets what he did and because of this, Edmond gives him a diamond. Then he finds Morrel, the ship-owner he had worked for, and helps him with his financial problems.
Ten years later, Edmond, who now calls himself the "Count of Monte Cristo", arrives in Paris. His old friends do not recognise him, but Edmond knows the people who were envious of him and begins his revenge. In different ways, Edmond punishes all the men who accused him of treason.   
Finally, Edmond helps Maximillian Morrel, the son of the ship-owner, by rescuing his fiancée, Valentine from her cruel family. Edmond, too, finally finds happiness when he marries Haydee, the daughter of another Victim of his old enemies.

Definitions:   تعريفات
finances (n) =  the money that a person, company, etc., has 

historical events, people, etc. = that happened or existed in the past; based on events in  the past; relating to  the past
lecturer = someone who teaches a group of people about a subject, especially at a university or college
object (v) = to say that you do not like or approve of something
assistant  =  someone who  helps  someone else to do their work  by  doing the  less important jobs
imprisonment  = the fact of being put or kept in prison
playwright  =  someone who  writes plays
accuse  =  to say that someone has done something wrong or illegal
envious =  wishing that you had something that someone else has, or that you could do something they do
fiancée =  the woman you have said officially that you are going to marry
recognise  =  to know someone or something because you have seen them before
revenge =  something you do  in  order to punish someone who  has harmed you
treason =  the crime of doing something that could cause great harm to your country or government, especially by helping its enemies
victim  =  someone who has been hurt or killed by someone or something

Language Notes
Be careful with + n.
Be careful about (of) + what / how / when
Be careful to+inf.
Be careful with the glasses.
Be careful of / about what you say to him.
Be careful to look both ways when you cross the road.

Be friendly with + someone  صديق لـ
Be friendly to/towards + someone  يكون ودودا تجاه
Are you friendly with Ahmed? = Are you his friend?
Our neighbours have always been very friendly to us.

 لاحظ استخدام ضمائر الملكية his / hers / mine / ours / theirs / your  بعد a friend of:                           
Peter is my friend .
Peter is a friend of mine.

object to + n. or ving
He objected to his friends' accusations.
object to + ing.
He objected to having to rewrite the article.

تستخدم  so 
بمعنى و كذلك
في الجمل المثبتة لتجنب التكرار وفي هذه الحالة يأتي بعدها الفعل المساعد حسب زمن الجملة ثم الفاعل:
So + فعل مساعد   +  فاعل
Ali plays tennis.   Ahmed plays tennis.
      Ali plays tennis and so does Ahmed.
She knew the answer.   They knew the answer.
      She knew the answer and so did they.
Peter can swim.   John can swim.
      Peter can swim and so can John.
وفي حالة الجمل المنفية تستخدم 
neither  بنفس الطريقة
Neither + فعل مساعد   + فاعل
   I didn't know the truth.   She didn't know the truth.
       I didn't know the truth and neither did she.
   He couldn't climb the mountain.   They couldn't climb it.
      He couldn't climb the mountain and neither could they.

mention     يذكر شيء (شفاهةَ أو كتابةَ) باختصار       
inform    يخبر / يبلغ عادة بطريقة رسمية
I mentioned the idea to John and he seemed to like it.
We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.

retire   يتقاعد           
resign   يستقيل
Most people in Egypt retire at the age of 60.
He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

custom    عادة عامة       
habit   عادة شخصية
In Japan, the custom is to take off your shoes before you enter a house.
I always buy the same brand of toothpaste just out of habit.

alone    بمفرده       
lonely   لديه شعور بالوحدة لكونه بعيدا عن الآخرين       
only    فقط / دون غيره   
She decided to climb the mountain alone.
She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home.
She was the only person to complain.

Suffixes: -ant / -ment    مقاطع تضاف لنهاية الكلمات لتكوين الاسم
serve    servant   
assist    assistant   
attend    attendant
account    accountant   
complain    complainant   
contest    contestant
imprison    imprisonment   
argue    argument   
punish    punishment
agree    agreement   
move    movement   
invest    investment

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1. Famous artists sometimes had (participants - assistants – applicants – descendants) to help them.
2. Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous (playwrights – scenarists – adventurers – footballers)
3. My uncle works, as a maths (laborer – admirer – torturer – lecturer) at the university in Alexandria.
4. I really (refuse – disapprove – hate – object) to people using mobile phones in the library.
5. After five years' (imprisonment – investment – instrument – involvement), the criminal wanted to live as an honest man.
6. I'm very interested in the past. That's why I like (geographical - historical – archaeological – physical) novels.
7. Accountants help people with their (fiancées – fireplaces – fences – finances).
8. Some of Edmond's friends (blamed – charged – accused – counted) him  of  something he had not done.
9. They were (ambitious – anxious – infectious – envious) of  him because he was happy and successful.
10. Edmond was planning to get married to his (fancies – fiancée – nominee – guarantee).
11. After he was arrested,  Edmond was sent to prison (with – in - for – of) life.
12. Edmond escaped (at – into – about – from) prison and found  Faria's hidden treasure.
13. Edmond objected (in - to – with – from) his friends' accusations.
14. Edmond (blamed – appointed – rescued – asked) Valentine from her cruel family.
15. I studied modern European (history – historian – historic – historical) at college.
16. He works as a (beneficial – superficial - financial - artificial) adviser to the prime minister.
17. She travelled widely in North America, (picturing – assuring – measuring – lecturing) on women's rights.
18. The army arrived to (assist – resist – insist – protest) in the search.
19. Her (injection – function - objection – instruction) to the plan is based on incorrect facts.
20. The children had a/an (argument – arrangement – armament - management) about who had won the race.
21. Staying late at school was his (reward – award – punishment - astonishment) for talking in class.
22. The politicians could not reach an/a (abandonment – agreement – achievement - attainment) on what to do next.
23. The (accumulation – accommodation – allocation – accusation) against Edmond was false.
24. The crime of being disloyal to your country is called (reason – treason – raisin – purpose).
25. To (cause – accomplish – accuse – account) means to say someone had done something wrong or illegal.
26. Something you do to punish someone who has harmed you is called (change – exchange – challenge – revenge).
27. To (recognize – memorize – authorize - theorize) means to know someone because you have seen them before.
28. Someone who has been hurt by someone or something is a/an (accused – judge – victim - prey).
29. Wishing you had something that someone else has means that you are (previous – impervious – envious - oblivious).
30. You shouldn't leave a child (only - alone – lonely – loneliness) in the house.
31. She (signed – designed - resigned – tired) from the government last week and she's going to set up her own business.
32. She's got an enormous amount of work to do and so (do – have – did – can) I.
33. Ahmed left just after midnight and (so did – neither did – so has – neither has) Peter.
34. She didn't know the answer and (so did I – neither didn't I – neither did I – so have I).
35.  He was being very careful (of – at – in – with) the coffee so as not to spill it.
36. He strongly (objected – rejected – injected – joined) to the terms of the contract.
37. If she is guilty, she will be (imagined – imitated – improved – imprisoned) for at least six years.
38. I really (navy – envy – wavy - heavy ) you. You have so much money.
39. The man managed to escape (of – in – from – with) prison.
40. He left as a poor, working class boy and returned as an extremely (wealthy – filthy – sympathy – healthy) man.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- She refused to answer questions about her personal fences.
2- He has just finished reading a historian novel.
3- My uncle is a torturer in French literature at Cairo University.
4- The committee strongly injected to the report's recommendations.
5- They caused him without any proof.
6- Ahmed was infectious of Ali's success.
7- She is my divorcee. We are going to get married in October.
8- It was swine flu, but Dr. Peter hadn't economized the symptoms.
9- He took range on his employers by setting fire to the factory.
10- He was convicted of high season and sentenced to death.
11- Heart attack victors stand a better chance if they are treated immediately.
12- She helped me with my facial problems. She lent me a lot of money.
13- She stared at him without recession for a few seconds. Then she remembered him.
14-  You've made a lot of accumulations but you haven't come up with any evidence to support them.
15- He has an excusable reputation as a heart surgeon. All his colleagues envy him.