UNIT 9 - The Power of Nature
Vocabulary - المفردات
geyser نبع ماء حار / سخان مياه volcano بركان
wave موجة electrical storm عاصفة كهربائية
absorb يمتص absorption امتصاص
eclipse كسوف/خسوف harmful ضار
sight البصر ultraviolet rays الأشعة فوق البنفسجية
cause يسبب / سبب drought الجفاف
lightning البرق northern شمالي
occur يحدث / يوجد phenomenon ظاهرة
rainfall سقوط الأمطار southern جنوبي
wavy متموج solar eclipse كسوف الشمس
lunar eclipse خسوف القمر distance مسافة / بعد
temperature درجة الحرارة safely بأمان
sunglasses نظارة شمسية powers of nature قوي الطبيعة
weather forecast النشرة الجوية occurrence حدوث
giant ضخم / عملاق weather experts خبراء الطقس
little ice age العصر جليدي أصغر windy عاصف / مليء بالرياح
sunny مشمس rainy ممطر
stormy عاصف Antarctica منطقة القطب الجنوبي
extreme weather طقس متطرف storm chaser مطارد الرياح
definitely بالتأكيد clear night ليلة صافية
star نجم planet كوكب
galaxy مجرة meteorite نيزك / شهاب
comet مُذَنَب astronomy علم الفلك
blow تهُب / ينفخ atmosphere الغلاف الجوي
atmospheric pressure الضغط الجوي erupt يثور
scientific data معلومات علمية scientific evidence دليل علمي
collect data يجمع معلومات predictable يمكن التنبؤ به
evidence دليل head for يتجه الي
barrier حاجز the Cairo Tower برج القاهرة
observatory مرصد meteorology علم الأرصاد الجوية
meteorologist عالم أرصاد جوية radiation الإشعاع
arid جاف human beings البشر
degree centigrade درجة مئوية drown يغرق
surfing التزلج علي الماء snow storm عاصفة ثلجية
tornado زوبعة sandstorm عاصفة رملية
heat wave موجة حارة hurricane إعصار (مصحوب ببرق ورعد ومطر)
phenomenal غير عادي / استثنائى phenomenally بشكل غير عادي
phenomena ظواهر - جمع ظاهرة ball lightning برق علي شكل كرة
average wind speed متوسط سرعة الرياح around حوالي
benefit يُفيد / يستفيد agricultural land أرض زراعية
farm land أرض زراعية fertile land أرض خصبة
crossing places أماكن عبور thick mud طمي سميك
annual flooding الفيضان السنوي artificial fertilizers أسمدة صناعية
population السكان irrigate يروي
irrigation الري available for متاح أو متوافر لـ
tide المد والجزر various = different مُختَلَف
wind chaser مطارد الرياح
Words and their antonyms كلمات وعكسها
extreme متطرف x mild / moderate معتدل
strange غريب x ordinary / familiar عادي / مألوف
specific محدد x general عام
accept يقبل x reject يرفض
afraid خائف x unafraid / brave غير خائف / شجاع
incredible لا يُصدَق x believable يمكن تصديقه
rare نادر x common شائع
strong قوي x weak ضعيف
forbid يمنع x allow يسمح
failure الفشل x success النجاح
proud متكبر x humble / modest متواضع
puzzling مُحَير x clear واضح
precise دقيق x imprecise غير دقيق
productive منتج x unproductive غير منتج
Words and their synonyms مرادفات
cause = result in / lead to / bring about safe = secure
effect = influence / impact definite = certain
predict = forecast / foresee surprise = startle / astonish
strange = odd/weird/bizarre giant = huge/massive/gigantic/immense
terrible = awful/horrible important = significant
disappear = vanish flood = overflow
age = era occur = come about / happen
Prepositions and Expressions حروف جر وتعبيرات
at the sight of عند رؤية
come into sight يظهر
catch sight of يلمح
life on earth الحياة علي الأرض
disappear beneath the sea يختفي تحت البحر
a clap of thunder قصف الرعد
put their lives in danger تضع حياتهم في خطر
there's nothing wrong with ليست هناك مشكلة في
take in liquid يمتص السائل
look straight at ينظر مباشرة إلي
have problems with لديه مشاكل في
get too near to يقترب أكثر من اللازم من
fall on the earth يسقط علي كوكب الأرض
stay on the surface يظل علي السطح
block out/off the light يحجب الضوء
ask for trouble يُعرض نفسه للمتاعب
definitely not بالتأكيد لا
be out for لديه النية لعمل شيء
from time to time أحيانا / من حين لآخر
open to the public مفتوح للجمهور
have a temperature حرارته مرتفعة
take the temperature يقيس درجة الحرارة
active volcano بركان نشِط
dormant volcano بركان ساكن أو متقطع الثوران
extinct volcano بركان خامد
a flash of lightning وميض البرق
in a southerly direction في اتجاه الجنوب
in a northerly direction في اتجاه الشمال
in a westerly direction في اتجاه الغرب
in an easterly direction في اتجاه الشرق
with lightning speed بسرعة البرق
lift people off their feet ترفع الناس من علي الأرض (نتيجة الرياح الشديدة)
export to يُصدر إلي
import from يستورد من
swim against the tide يسير عكس التيار
a talented person شخص موهوب
Irregular Verbs أفعال شاذة
get/got/got يحصل علي hang/hanged/hanged يشنق hang / hung / hung يعلق
give/gave/given يعطي have/had/had يمتلك
go/went/gone يذهب hear/heard/heard يسمع
grind/ground/ground يطحن hide/hid/hidden يختبئ
hang/hung/hung يعلق hit/hit/hit يضرب
Study these words إدرس هذه الكلمات
celestial body جُرم سماوي planetary motion حركة الكواكب
social problems مشكلات اجتماعية a source of relief مصدر ارتياح
family budget ميزانية الأسرة scientific progress التقدم العلمي
hard currency العملة الصعبة weapons of mass destruction أسلحة الدمار الشامل
scientific revolution ثورة علمية elderly people كبار السن
have priority over له الأولوية علي cost of living تكلفة المعيشة
harmful emissions انبعاثات ضارة withstand drought يتحمل الجفاف
widespread phenomenon ظاهرة منتشرة natural aptitude استعداد طبيعي
natural phenomenon ظاهرة طبيعية detrimental effect أثر ضار
enormous damage أضرار هائلة cause addiction يسبب الإدمان
heavy rain مطر غزير vitamin deficiency نقص الفيتامينات
high waves أمواج عالية strong wind رياح عاتية
violent storm عاصفة عنيفة rough sea بحر هائج
social phenomenon ظاهرة اجتماعية historical phenomenon ظاهرة تاريخية
Read the following passage carefully:
Unusual weather
For most people, the word weather means the sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in southern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us.
However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts call these balls ball lightning.
Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain killed more than 8000 people in 1703. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people.
Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others. However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in England froze.
What will happen to our weather in the future? No one really knows, but one day ‘unusual’ weather may not be unusual anymore.
Definitions تعريفات
absorb if something absorbs liquid, heat, etc., it takes in the liquid, heat, etc., through its surface
eclipse (n) when the sun or the moon seems to disappear, because one of them is passing between the other one and the Earth
harmful causing harm
geyser a hole in the earth from which hot water and steam can suddenly rise
sight (n) the ability to see
ultraviolet rays light which can make people's skin become darker
cause (v) to make something happen
drought a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water
lightning (n) a bright flash of electrical light in the sky during a storm
northern in or from the north part of a country or area
occur to happen, especially without being planned first
phenomenon something that happens or exists, especially something that is unusual or difficult to understand
rainfall the amount of rain that falls on an area in a particular period of time
southern in or from the south part of a country or area
Language Notes
Sight البصر He lost his sight when he was 5 years old.
Sight (v) يتمكن من رؤية شيء من بعيد After two months at sea, the sailors sighted land.
Sights المعالم الهامة التي تستحق الزيارة If you come to London, I'll show you the sights.
wear + object - يرتدى - عامة وهى ليست فعل حدث ويأتى بعدها مفعول
وهى تستخدم لوصف عادة أو مظهر الشخص
He was wearing his best suit at the party.
Policemen usually wear a uniform.
We wear light clothes in summer.
She put on her uniform and went to school.
Hurry up. Put on your shoes. We are late for school.
dress = get dressed - without object بدون مفعول
She always dresses fashionably.
لاحظ انه في حالة وجود مفعول بعدها يختلف المعنى
Can you dress the kids for me? يساعد شخص علي ارتداء ملابسه
be dressed in = be wearing يمكن أن يأتى بعدها مفعول مع وجود حرف الجر in
He was dressed in a black suit. = He was wearing a black suit.
The reason why سبب أو مبرر + يأتى بعدها جملة
The reason for + n. / V+ ing
The reason why he came late was that he missed the bus.
The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
cause + n يسبب cause + to +inf يسبب
The fire caused a lot of damage.
What caused you to change your mind?
The cause of + n السبب
The cause of the fire is still unknown.
Appear + adj. يبدو Appear + adv. يظهر
The right colours can make a small room appear much bigger.
A man appeared suddenly from behind a tree.
Go + adj. = become + adj. go dark/mad/blind/deaf/dumb
The idea of going grey doesn't bother تزعج / تضايقme, but I'd hate to go bald. أصلع
If anything goes wrong, just call me.
لاحظ استخدام الفعل المساعد do
قبل فعل الجملة للتأكيد علي حدوث الفعل ويستخدم في المضارع البسيط والماضي البسيط فقط
We do have a lot of information about the sun.
He did ask me for money.
لاحظ استخدام on earth بعد بعض أدوات الاستفهام لتعبر عادة عن الدهشة أو الغضب
What on earth did you do that for?
How on earth can the moon block out the sun's light?
Why on earth didn't you tell me before?
تستخدم الكلمات northern / southern / eastern / western قبل اسم الدولة أو المنطقة
This city is located in northern Spain. = in the north of
He lived for a few years in southern France. = in the south of
Words often confused صعوبات خاصة
drought الجفاف draught. (= draft) تيار هواء بارد
This year, a severe drought has ruined the crops.
Can you close the door? There's an awful draught in here.
Lighting الإضاءة Lightning البرق
•Better street lighting might help to reduce crime.
•That tree was struck by lightning.
? economic اقتصادي ? economical موفر
Economic growth in Egypt is slow.
A small car is more economical than a big one.
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes
Choose the correct answer:
1. The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to see the (geyser - gear – grease – goose)
2. If it rains so hard that the soil cannot (include – consist – absorb - develop) water quickly enough, there are floods.
3. When there is a/an (tips – eclipse – lips - drips), of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop singing.
4. You cannot see ultraviolet (pays – trays - rays – lays), but they can still damage your skin.
5. She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her (sight – hearing – feeling - head).
6. Scientists are not sure what causes volcanoes to (adapt – adopt – erupt - corrupt).
7. Greece and Spain are in (south – southern – southerly – the south) Europe.
8. An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural (phenomenon – photocopy – photocell - phobia).
9. Storms can (behave – favour – disturb - occur) at any time and in any place.
10. It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest (doubt – draught – drought - drift) anyone can remember.
11. When I was a child, I used to be afraid of storms. I covered my eyes so that I could not see the (tightening – sighting – lighting - lightning).
12. Alexandria is in the (north – northern – northerly - westerly) of Egypt.
13. Electrical storms are a common (assurance – clearance – occurrence - disappearance) in our part of the country.
14. These trees have grown (centrally – phenomenally – classically - critically) tall in the last two years.
15. Where we live, the wind usually blows in a (southerly – south – west - east) direction.
16. Very (wide – broad - high – big) temperatures can make people ill.
17. The city was destroyed by high waves and (cruel – violent – unkind – aggressive) storms.
18. Storms can cause (curious - serious – strong - high) damage.
19. (Important – Strong – Heavy - Rich) rain and strong winds destroyed buildings all over the country.
20. Denmark is in (north – northern – northerly) Europe.
21. To (cause – reason – occur – take place) means to make something happen.
22. A (fright – bright – delight - drought) is a long period of no rain.
23. (Lighting – Lightning – Shining - Beaming) is the light you see during an electrical storm.
24. A (phrase – phase – phenomenon - praise) is something unusual that happens.
25. (Northern – Southern – Western - Eastern) means in or from the north part of a country or area.
26. (Fight – Night – Light - Sight) is the ability to see.
27. A (geyser – pond – lake - ocean) is a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise.
28. (Ultrasonic - Ultraviolet – extra violet – violet)rays means light which can make people's skin go darker.
29. A/An(storm – drought – darkness - Eclipse) occurs when the sun or moon seems to disappear, because one of them is passing between the other and the Earth.
30. The earthquake (resulted – caused – prevented - avoided) millions of people to abandon their homes.
31. Sugar (occurs – happens – takes place – finds) naturally in fruit.
32. Why on (the earth – the ground – floor – earth) are you shouting at me?
33. They drove their car in an easterly (direction – deduction – production – connection).
34. The ultraviolet rays cause the skin to (bring – come – go - lose) darker.
35. The two boys have been seen (heading – headed – to head - heads) for the beach.
36. He began to lose his (sight – sights – nights – fights) six years ago.
37. I (put on – wear - dress – put off) the kids before I go to work.
38. Central Africa is suffering one of the worst (droughts – days – weeks – months) of the century. There is almost no rain there.
39. The very cold weather caused the river (frozen – freezing - to freeze - freezes)
40. I (do – am doing – have done – had done) believe in hard work as the only road to success.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Droughts and heavy rainfall are not a modern phenomena
2- The river floated and killed thousands of people.
3- Strange weather can occurrence all over the world.
4- The city disappeared above the sea.
5- The most windy place in the world is Port Martin in Antarctica.
6- The wind was so strong that it lifted people on their feet.
7- Storm eaters are people who find and follow storms.
8- Extremely weather conditions affect people badly.
9- Why on land did you leave the gate open?
10- Some African countries are suffering from starvation and draught.
11- His illness caused him missing the meeting.
12- When there is heavy rain, the earth cannot disturb all the water.
13- If your site is poor, you should not drive a car.
14- On Wednesday, there will be a partial clips of the sun.
15- The play had excellent lightning effects.
Vocabulary - المفردات
geyser نبع ماء حار / سخان مياه volcano بركان
wave موجة electrical storm عاصفة كهربائية
absorb يمتص absorption امتصاص
eclipse كسوف/خسوف harmful ضار
sight البصر ultraviolet rays الأشعة فوق البنفسجية
cause يسبب / سبب drought الجفاف
lightning البرق northern شمالي
occur يحدث / يوجد phenomenon ظاهرة
rainfall سقوط الأمطار southern جنوبي
wavy متموج solar eclipse كسوف الشمس
lunar eclipse خسوف القمر distance مسافة / بعد
temperature درجة الحرارة safely بأمان
sunglasses نظارة شمسية powers of nature قوي الطبيعة
weather forecast النشرة الجوية occurrence حدوث
giant ضخم / عملاق weather experts خبراء الطقس
little ice age العصر جليدي أصغر windy عاصف / مليء بالرياح
sunny مشمس rainy ممطر
stormy عاصف Antarctica منطقة القطب الجنوبي
extreme weather طقس متطرف storm chaser مطارد الرياح
definitely بالتأكيد clear night ليلة صافية
star نجم planet كوكب
galaxy مجرة meteorite نيزك / شهاب
comet مُذَنَب astronomy علم الفلك
blow تهُب / ينفخ atmosphere الغلاف الجوي
atmospheric pressure الضغط الجوي erupt يثور
scientific data معلومات علمية scientific evidence دليل علمي
collect data يجمع معلومات predictable يمكن التنبؤ به
evidence دليل head for يتجه الي
barrier حاجز the Cairo Tower برج القاهرة
observatory مرصد meteorology علم الأرصاد الجوية
meteorologist عالم أرصاد جوية radiation الإشعاع
arid جاف human beings البشر
degree centigrade درجة مئوية drown يغرق
surfing التزلج علي الماء snow storm عاصفة ثلجية
tornado زوبعة sandstorm عاصفة رملية
heat wave موجة حارة hurricane إعصار (مصحوب ببرق ورعد ومطر)
phenomenal غير عادي / استثنائى phenomenally بشكل غير عادي
phenomena ظواهر - جمع ظاهرة ball lightning برق علي شكل كرة
average wind speed متوسط سرعة الرياح around حوالي
benefit يُفيد / يستفيد agricultural land أرض زراعية
farm land أرض زراعية fertile land أرض خصبة
crossing places أماكن عبور thick mud طمي سميك
annual flooding الفيضان السنوي artificial fertilizers أسمدة صناعية
population السكان irrigate يروي
irrigation الري available for متاح أو متوافر لـ
tide المد والجزر various = different مُختَلَف
wind chaser مطارد الرياح
Words and their antonyms كلمات وعكسها
extreme متطرف x mild / moderate معتدل
strange غريب x ordinary / familiar عادي / مألوف
specific محدد x general عام
accept يقبل x reject يرفض
afraid خائف x unafraid / brave غير خائف / شجاع
incredible لا يُصدَق x believable يمكن تصديقه
rare نادر x common شائع
strong قوي x weak ضعيف
forbid يمنع x allow يسمح
failure الفشل x success النجاح
proud متكبر x humble / modest متواضع
puzzling مُحَير x clear واضح
precise دقيق x imprecise غير دقيق
productive منتج x unproductive غير منتج
Words and their synonyms مرادفات
cause = result in / lead to / bring about safe = secure
effect = influence / impact definite = certain
predict = forecast / foresee surprise = startle / astonish
strange = odd/weird/bizarre giant = huge/massive/gigantic/immense
terrible = awful/horrible important = significant
disappear = vanish flood = overflow
age = era occur = come about / happen
Prepositions and Expressions حروف جر وتعبيرات
at the sight of عند رؤية
come into sight يظهر
catch sight of يلمح
life on earth الحياة علي الأرض
disappear beneath the sea يختفي تحت البحر
a clap of thunder قصف الرعد
put their lives in danger تضع حياتهم في خطر
there's nothing wrong with ليست هناك مشكلة في
take in liquid يمتص السائل
look straight at ينظر مباشرة إلي
have problems with لديه مشاكل في
get too near to يقترب أكثر من اللازم من
fall on the earth يسقط علي كوكب الأرض
stay on the surface يظل علي السطح
block out/off the light يحجب الضوء
ask for trouble يُعرض نفسه للمتاعب
definitely not بالتأكيد لا
be out for لديه النية لعمل شيء
from time to time أحيانا / من حين لآخر
open to the public مفتوح للجمهور
have a temperature حرارته مرتفعة
take the temperature يقيس درجة الحرارة
active volcano بركان نشِط
dormant volcano بركان ساكن أو متقطع الثوران
extinct volcano بركان خامد
a flash of lightning وميض البرق
in a southerly direction في اتجاه الجنوب
in a northerly direction في اتجاه الشمال
in a westerly direction في اتجاه الغرب
in an easterly direction في اتجاه الشرق
with lightning speed بسرعة البرق
lift people off their feet ترفع الناس من علي الأرض (نتيجة الرياح الشديدة)
export to يُصدر إلي
import from يستورد من
swim against the tide يسير عكس التيار
a talented person شخص موهوب
Irregular Verbs أفعال شاذة
get/got/got يحصل علي hang/hanged/hanged يشنق hang / hung / hung يعلق
give/gave/given يعطي have/had/had يمتلك
go/went/gone يذهب hear/heard/heard يسمع
grind/ground/ground يطحن hide/hid/hidden يختبئ
hang/hung/hung يعلق hit/hit/hit يضرب
Study these words إدرس هذه الكلمات
celestial body جُرم سماوي planetary motion حركة الكواكب
social problems مشكلات اجتماعية a source of relief مصدر ارتياح
family budget ميزانية الأسرة scientific progress التقدم العلمي
hard currency العملة الصعبة weapons of mass destruction أسلحة الدمار الشامل
scientific revolution ثورة علمية elderly people كبار السن
have priority over له الأولوية علي cost of living تكلفة المعيشة
harmful emissions انبعاثات ضارة withstand drought يتحمل الجفاف
widespread phenomenon ظاهرة منتشرة natural aptitude استعداد طبيعي
natural phenomenon ظاهرة طبيعية detrimental effect أثر ضار
enormous damage أضرار هائلة cause addiction يسبب الإدمان
heavy rain مطر غزير vitamin deficiency نقص الفيتامينات
high waves أمواج عالية strong wind رياح عاتية
violent storm عاصفة عنيفة rough sea بحر هائج
social phenomenon ظاهرة اجتماعية historical phenomenon ظاهرة تاريخية
Read the following passage carefully:
Unusual weather
For most people, the word weather means the sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in southern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us.
However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts call these balls ball lightning.
Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain killed more than 8000 people in 1703. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people.
Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others. However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in England froze.
What will happen to our weather in the future? No one really knows, but one day ‘unusual’ weather may not be unusual anymore.
Definitions تعريفات
absorb if something absorbs liquid, heat, etc., it takes in the liquid, heat, etc., through its surface
eclipse (n) when the sun or the moon seems to disappear, because one of them is passing between the other one and the Earth
harmful causing harm
geyser a hole in the earth from which hot water and steam can suddenly rise
sight (n) the ability to see
ultraviolet rays light which can make people's skin become darker
cause (v) to make something happen
drought a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water
lightning (n) a bright flash of electrical light in the sky during a storm
northern in or from the north part of a country or area
occur to happen, especially without being planned first
phenomenon something that happens or exists, especially something that is unusual or difficult to understand
rainfall the amount of rain that falls on an area in a particular period of time
southern in or from the south part of a country or area
Language Notes
Sight البصر He lost his sight when he was 5 years old.
Sight (v) يتمكن من رؤية شيء من بعيد After two months at sea, the sailors sighted land.
Sights المعالم الهامة التي تستحق الزيارة If you come to London, I'll show you the sights.
wear + object - يرتدى - عامة وهى ليست فعل حدث ويأتى بعدها مفعول
وهى تستخدم لوصف عادة أو مظهر الشخص
He was wearing his best suit at the party.
Policemen usually wear a uniform.
We wear light clothes in summer.
put on + object - يرتدى أو يقوم بإرتداء وهى فعل حدث ويأتى بعدها مفعول
Put on your coat – it’s cold.She put on her uniform and went to school.
Hurry up. Put on your shoes. We are late for school.
dress = get dressed - without object بدون مفعول
She always dresses fashionably.
لاحظ انه في حالة وجود مفعول بعدها يختلف المعنى
Can you dress the kids for me? يساعد شخص علي ارتداء ملابسه
be dressed in = be wearing يمكن أن يأتى بعدها مفعول مع وجود حرف الجر in
He was dressed in a black suit. = He was wearing a black suit.
The reason why سبب أو مبرر + يأتى بعدها جملة
The reason for + n. / V+ ing
The reason why he came late was that he missed the bus.
The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
cause + n يسبب cause + to +inf يسبب
The fire caused a lot of damage.
What caused you to change your mind?
The cause of + n السبب
The cause of the fire is still unknown.
Appear + adj. يبدو Appear + adv. يظهر
The right colours can make a small room appear much bigger.
A man appeared suddenly from behind a tree.
Go + adj. = become + adj. go dark/mad/blind/deaf/dumb
The idea of going grey doesn't bother تزعج / تضايقme, but I'd hate to go bald. أصلع
If anything goes wrong, just call me.
لاحظ استخدام الفعل المساعد do
قبل فعل الجملة للتأكيد علي حدوث الفعل ويستخدم في المضارع البسيط والماضي البسيط فقط
We do have a lot of information about the sun.
He did ask me for money.
لاحظ استخدام on earth بعد بعض أدوات الاستفهام لتعبر عادة عن الدهشة أو الغضب
What on earth did you do that for?
How on earth can the moon block out the sun's light?
Why on earth didn't you tell me before?
تستخدم الكلمات northern / southern / eastern / western قبل اسم الدولة أو المنطقة
This city is located in northern Spain. = in the north of
He lived for a few years in southern France. = in the south of
Words often confused صعوبات خاصة
drought الجفاف draught. (= draft) تيار هواء بارد
This year, a severe drought has ruined the crops.
Can you close the door? There's an awful draught in here.
Lighting الإضاءة Lightning البرق
•Better street lighting might help to reduce crime.
•That tree was struck by lightning.
? economic اقتصادي ? economical موفر
Economic growth in Egypt is slow.
A small car is more economical than a big one.
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes
Choose the correct answer:
1. The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to see the (geyser - gear – grease – goose)
2. If it rains so hard that the soil cannot (include – consist – absorb - develop) water quickly enough, there are floods.
3. When there is a/an (tips – eclipse – lips - drips), of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop singing.
4. You cannot see ultraviolet (pays – trays - rays – lays), but they can still damage your skin.
5. She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her (sight – hearing – feeling - head).
6. Scientists are not sure what causes volcanoes to (adapt – adopt – erupt - corrupt).
7. Greece and Spain are in (south – southern – southerly – the south) Europe.
8. An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural (phenomenon – photocopy – photocell - phobia).
9. Storms can (behave – favour – disturb - occur) at any time and in any place.
10. It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest (doubt – draught – drought - drift) anyone can remember.
11. When I was a child, I used to be afraid of storms. I covered my eyes so that I could not see the (tightening – sighting – lighting - lightning).
12. Alexandria is in the (north – northern – northerly - westerly) of Egypt.
13. Electrical storms are a common (assurance – clearance – occurrence - disappearance) in our part of the country.
14. These trees have grown (centrally – phenomenally – classically - critically) tall in the last two years.
15. Where we live, the wind usually blows in a (southerly – south – west - east) direction.
16. Very (wide – broad - high – big) temperatures can make people ill.
17. The city was destroyed by high waves and (cruel – violent – unkind – aggressive) storms.
18. Storms can cause (curious - serious – strong - high) damage.
19. (Important – Strong – Heavy - Rich) rain and strong winds destroyed buildings all over the country.
20. Denmark is in (north – northern – northerly) Europe.
21. To (cause – reason – occur – take place) means to make something happen.
22. A (fright – bright – delight - drought) is a long period of no rain.
23. (Lighting – Lightning – Shining - Beaming) is the light you see during an electrical storm.
24. A (phrase – phase – phenomenon - praise) is something unusual that happens.
25. (Northern – Southern – Western - Eastern) means in or from the north part of a country or area.
26. (Fight – Night – Light - Sight) is the ability to see.
27. A (geyser – pond – lake - ocean) is a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise.
28. (Ultrasonic - Ultraviolet – extra violet – violet)rays means light which can make people's skin go darker.
29. A/An(storm – drought – darkness - Eclipse) occurs when the sun or moon seems to disappear, because one of them is passing between the other and the Earth.
30. The earthquake (resulted – caused – prevented - avoided) millions of people to abandon their homes.
31. Sugar (occurs – happens – takes place – finds) naturally in fruit.
32. Why on (the earth – the ground – floor – earth) are you shouting at me?
33. They drove their car in an easterly (direction – deduction – production – connection).
34. The ultraviolet rays cause the skin to (bring – come – go - lose) darker.
35. The two boys have been seen (heading – headed – to head - heads) for the beach.
36. He began to lose his (sight – sights – nights – fights) six years ago.
37. I (put on – wear - dress – put off) the kids before I go to work.
38. Central Africa is suffering one of the worst (droughts – days – weeks – months) of the century. There is almost no rain there.
39. The very cold weather caused the river (frozen – freezing - to freeze - freezes)
40. I (do – am doing – have done – had done) believe in hard work as the only road to success.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Droughts and heavy rainfall are not a modern phenomena
2- The river floated and killed thousands of people.
3- Strange weather can occurrence all over the world.
4- The city disappeared above the sea.
5- The most windy place in the world is Port Martin in Antarctica.
6- The wind was so strong that it lifted people on their feet.
7- Storm eaters are people who find and follow storms.
8- Extremely weather conditions affect people badly.
9- Why on land did you leave the gate open?
10- Some African countries are suffering from starvation and draught.
11- His illness caused him missing the meeting.
12- When there is heavy rain, the earth cannot disturb all the water.
13- If your site is poor, you should not drive a car.
14- On Wednesday, there will be a partial clips of the sun.
15- The play had excellent lightning effects.
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