الاثنين، 18 فبراير 2013

Unit 8 - Stevenson Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde

Unit 8 - Stevenson Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde

Vocabulary
admit    يعترف                                    admission    اعتراف / قبول / دخول
knock    يطرق / طرقة                           biography    سيرة حياة شخص
permanently    بصفة دائمة                    profession    مهنة
recuperate    يتعافي / يستجم                  respectable    محترم / جدير بالاحترام
appearance    مظهر / ظهور                blackmail    يبتز / ابتزاز
colleague    زميل عمل                         commit    يرتكب
human nature    الطبيعة البشرية             in conflict    في حالة صراع
personality    شخصية                          will (n)    إرادة / وصية
respect    احترام / يحترم                       guess    يُخمن
guessing    تخمين                              presenter    مقدم برامج
complain    يشكو                                complaint    شكوى
explain    يفسر / يشرح                         explanation    تفسير / شرح
review(n)    مقالة نقدية                         immediately    في الحال
relaxing    مريح                                 strange (adj.)    غريب
stranger (n)    شخص غريب                 character    شخصية
frightening    مخيف                           violent    عنيف


violence    العنف                               end badly    ينتهي نهاية سيئة
the good side    الجانب الخيِر               the evil side    الجانب الشرير
a fortnight    أسبوعين                          entitled    بعنوان
response    استجابة                            express    يعبر عن
medical profession    مهنة الطب         honest    أمين
honesty    الأمانة                               professionally    بطريقة مهنية أو احترافية
patience    الصبر                              disagreement    خلاف / عدم اتفاق
a serious crime    جريمة خطيرة           essay    مقال
treasure    كنز                                 morally    أخلاقياً
blackmailer    مبتز                            perspective    رأي أو موقف تجاه شيء
commitment    التزام                          permanent    دائم
document    مستند / وثيقة                     fault    خطأ
specifically    علي وجه التحديد               trust    ثقة / يثق
target    هدف       

Words and their antonyms    كلمات وعكسها
evil    الشر                                      good    الخير
permanently    بصفة دائمة                temporarily    بصفة مؤقتة
right    يمين                                     left    يسار
right    صواب                                  wrong    خطأ
admit    يعترف                                deny    ينكر
pessimism    التشاؤم                        optimism    التفاؤل
respect    احترام                             disrespect    عدم احترام
former    السابق                               latter    اللاحق
abundance    وفرة                         lack    نقص
natural    طبيعي                              artificial    صناعي
adequate    كاف                            inadequate    غير كاف
sufficient    كاف                             insufficient    غير كاف
approve (of)  يوافق علي / يستحسن       disapprove (of)    لا يوافق علي

Prepositions and Expressions    تعبيرات وحروف الجر 
live on the island    يعيش علي الجزيرة   
knock on (at) the door يطرق علي الباب
the light is on    النور مضاء       
the light is off النور غير مضاء
go to sleep = go to bed يذهب للنوم   
worn out    مرهق
have health problems لديه مشكلات صحية   
a respectable profession مهنة جديرة بالاحترام
do experiments on    يجري تجارب علي   
be wrong about    مخطئي بشأن
do research on / into    يجري أبحاث علي   
belong to    يخص / ينتمي إلي
at the same time    في نفس الوقت        
have interest in    لديه اهتمام بـ
behave towards others   يتصرف تجاه الآخرين   
kind to    عطوف على
go back to    يعود إلي       
be committed to    ملتزم بـ
the conflict between good and evil الصراع بين الخير والشر   
look for = search for    يبحث عن
under control    تحت السيطرة       
in different directions في اتجاهات مختلفة
at the least علي الأقل       
once a month    مرة في الشهر
Irregular Verbs    أفعال شاذة
outdo/outdid/outdone    يفوق
overcome/overcame/ overcome يتغلب علي
outgrow/outgrew/outgrown يفوقه في النمو 
oversee/oversaw/ overseen يراقب / يشرف علي
outrun/outran/ outrun    يسبق   
oversleep/overslept/ overslept    يفرط في النوم
write/wrote/written    يكتب   
overtake/overtook/ overtaken    يتجاوز (بالسيارة)
withstand/withstood    يتحمل   
overthrow/overthrew/ overthrown يقلب/يهزم

Derivative    مشتقات
verb                                       noun                                          adj.
express      يعبر عن             expression   تعبير                 expressive   معبر            
decide   يقرر                      decision  قرار                        decisive  حاسم                 
injure  يصيب                        injury  إصابة                           injured  مصاب                  
wound  يجرح                      wound  جرح                          wounded   مجروح / مصاب 
recover  يُشفي / يسترد            recovery  شفاء / استرداد           recoverable  يمكن استرداده 
behave  يتصرف / يسلك         behaviour  تصرف / سلوك        behavioural  سلوكي          
amaze  يُدهش                      amazement   دهشة                amazing  مدهش                
conflict  يتضارب يتعارض       conflict  تضارب تعارض           conflicting متعارض متضارب

Words that go together
of his own free will    بإرادته الحرة      
take place    يحدث
take the place of    يحل محل       
take medicine    يتناول الدواء
conflicting results    نتائج متضاربة      
a conflict of interests    تعارض المصالح
the human race    الجنس البشري  
human rights    حقوق الإنسان
personality traits    سمات الشخصية  
the black market    السوق السوداء
commit a crime    يرتكب جريمة      
commit suicide    ينتحر / يُقدم علي الانتحار
personal appearanceالمظهر الشخصي  
a charismatic personality شخصية مؤثرة (كاريزمية)
willful murder    جريمة قتل عمد  
indomitable will    إرادة لا تُقهـر
a matter of conscienceمسألة ضمير  
a crisis of conscience    أزمة ضمير
look your best    تبدو علي أفضل صورة      
       
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde takes place in London in the nineteenth century.  Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist, is doing research into human nature.  He believes that human beings have a good and evil side and that these sides are always in conflict.  Dr. Jekyll’s colleagues disagree with his ideas and disapprove of his research.  So Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas.  He takes special medicine which changes not only his character, but also his appearance.  For a short time after he takes the medicine, he becomes Mr. Hyde, an evil man who looks frightening, has a violent personality and commits terrible crimes.
Later, friends think something strange is happening when Dr. Jekyll rewrites his will, leaving everything to Mr. Hyde, a man they do not know.  They worry more when the police start asking questions about Mr. Hyde.  Who is this stranger who is never seen at the same time as Dr. Jekyll?  They think that Dr. Jekyll may be protecting Hyde from the police, or that Hyde is blackmailing Dr. Jekyll.
Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy being Mr. Hyde.  He changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into Mr. Jekyll.
Eventually Dr. Jekyll changes into Mr. Hyde without taking any medicine and finds he cannot change back again.  This means that he cannot leave his house, because someone might see him and he might be arrested.  The story ends badly for “both” characters.

Definitions تعريفات
admit    يعترف = agree or say that something is true, although you do not want to
biography    سيرة = a book about a person's life
knock (v)    يطرق = hit a door with your hand in order to attract someone's attention
permanently دائمة = for all future time, or for a very long time
profession مهنة = a job that needs special education and  training
recuperate يتعافى = to  spend time getting better after an illness, injury, etc.
respectable محترم = behaving in a way that people think is socially acceptable or morally right
appearance مظهر  = the way that someone or something looks or seems to other people
blackmail يبتز = to make someone pay you money or do what you want by threatening to tell secrets about them
colleague زميل = someone you work with  .
commit a crime يرتكب جريمة = do something illegal
human nature الطبيعة البشرية = behaviour, faults qualities. etc. that are typical of ordinary people
in conflict تصادم أو تضاد  = a situation of disagreement or fighting between people or groups or ideas
personality شخصية = someone's character, especially the way they behave towards other people
will (n.) وصية = a legal document in  which you say who you want to give your money and property to after you die

Language Notes    ملاحظات لغوية
would rather + inf. = would prefer + to + inf.  تفيد التفضيل
I'd rather stay at home. = I'd prefer to stay at home.
would rather + inf. ………….than + inf.يفضل    
I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV.                       
would rather + inf. +n.-------than + n. يفضل
I’d rather have coffee than tea.
rather + adj. / adv. = fairly / to some degree  إلي حد ما
It's rather hot today, isn't it?
Prefer to + inf. / V+ing. يفضل
He prefers to play tennis. موقف معين    He prefers playing tennis. عامة
would prefer to + inf.  يفضل
I'd prefer not to discuss this issue.
Prefer + V+ing. + to + V+ing
He prefers watching football to playing it.

It is time to + inf. لقد حان وقت        •It is time to go home.
It is time for + n.    لقد حان وقت        •It is time for dinner.
It is time + فاعل . + Past simple  = unreal past
It is time she went home. لقد حان وقت
Biography  سيرة حياة يكتبها شخص عن آخر
Autobiography  سيرة حياة يكتبها الشخص عن نفسه
He wrote a biography of Queen Victoria.
He described his childhood in his autobiography.

at the end (of)     غالبا يأتي بعدها الاسم            
in the end     يأتي بعدها جملة أو تأتي في نهاية الجملة
My house is at the end of this street.
We went shopping and visited some friends. In the end, we went home.

respected (adj.)  يحظي بالاحترام والإعجاب بسبب عمله أو انجازاته
respectable (adj.)  محترم " يتصرف بطريقة مقبولة اجتماعيا وأخلاقيا "
respectful (adj.)  يُظهر الاحترام لـ
He is one of the most respected managers.
He comes from a respectable family.
We should be respectful towards elderly people.

human (adj.)  بشري / إنساني
The accident was the result of human error .
humane (adj.)  عطوف
The refugees اللاجئون receive humane treatment .

find + abj. + to inf.
I find it easy to study English.
fend for (yourself)  يصون أو يعتنى ب     defend (yourself)  يدافع عن نفسه
The kids had to fend for themselves while their parents were away.
You should be able to defend yourself in dangerous situations.

fault  خطأ         foul  خطأ في الرياضة
I'm very sorry. It's my fault.
He had committed 3 fouls in the match.

fall / fell / fallen  يسقط         fail  يفشل / يرسب    fell  يسقط / يقطع       
The book fell from his hands.
He failed the English exam.
More than 50 trees were felled.

relation " علاقة رسمية " بين الدول مثلا         relationship  علاقة شخصية أو أسرية
Relations between the two countries have improved recently.
I have a good relationship with my parents.

make + someone + inf.  يُجبر شخص علي عمل شيء        
? Make + Obj. + adj.                  ? Make = be / become
•They made me sign the cheque.        •He did everything he could to make us happy.
•I don't think he will ever make a good doctor.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1- My brother went on holiday to Aswan. Now he's decided to live there (annually – permanently – perfectly – strangely).
2- I thought the test would be easy, but I must (admit – deny – try – refuse) that I'm finding it quite difficult.
3- Someone (booked – locked - knocked – shocked) on our door late last night, but I didn't open it.
4- Doctors and nurses belong to the medical (procession – confession – division – profession).
5- All my friends come from very (respect – respecting – respectable – irresponsible) families.
6- My grandfather is (recombining - recuperating – recounting – recalling) at the moment after a long illness.
7-I'm reading a new (biology – demography – biography – graph) of William Shakespeare. He had a very interesting life.
8- Ali wasn't badly injured in the accident, but his (recuperation – realization – reclamation – recommendation) took longer than we thought.
9- I've worked in a lot of different places. Now I'd like a more (temporary – permanent – partly – divided) job.
10- You can find (electrical – anatomical - biographical –arithmetical) information about many writers on the internet.
11- When he said he was sorry, it was an (aggression - admission – ambition – absorption) that he was wrong.
12- I (inspect – expect – inject –respect) people who are honest and do hard work.
13- If you are a doctor, it's very important to behave (professionally – accidentally – annually – automatically) towards your patients.
14- Where (did – could – was – were) you born? In Cairo.
15- She has a very nice (acidity – activity – personality – ambiguity). She's kind to everyone she meets.
16- People who (commit – emit – submit – vomit) serious crimes should be sent to prison.
17- He left everything to his son in his (receipt – cheque – card – will).
18- When my brother started his new job, all his (catalogues - colleagues – dialogues – presenters) were friendly and helpful.
19- If you are going to a job interview, your (appearance – acquaintance – allowance – audience) is important. You must look your best.
20- Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (takes – makes – does – acts) place in London.
21- Dr Jekyll was (taking – making – doing – acting) research into human nature.
22- He (did – planned – made – gave) a special medicine for himself.
23- When he (gave – did – put – took) the medicine, he changed into Mr Hyde.
24- The medicine (made – took – had – acted) him do terrible things.
25- (Annoyance – Approval – Conflict – Anger) is a situation of disagreement or fighting between people or groups.
26- A (well – will – wall – wail ) is a legal document saying what would happen to someone's money and things after they die.
27- A (classmate – neighbour – enemy – colleague) is a person you work with.
28- (Personality – Behaviour – Conduct - Appearance) means someone's character or the way someone behaves towards others.
29- Human (race – kind – nature – goal) means behaviour or qualities typical of ordinary people.
30- To (conflict – connect – contact – commit) a crime is to do it.
31- (Endurance – Appearance – Difference – Independence) is the way someone looks to other people.
32- To (intend – decide – deny – admit) means to agree or say that something is true, although you do not want to
33- A/An (biography – research – experiment - survey ) is a book about someone's life.
34- A (job – position – career - profession) is a job that needs special education and  training.
35- To (recuperate – recreate – recognize - reconsider) means to spend time getting better after an illness.
36- To (kidnap – embezzle - blackmail - steal) means to make someone pay you money or do what you want by threatening to tell secrets about them.
37- I'm sure my cousin will (make – take – do – act) a good accountant. He loves mathematics.
38- She believes it was the doctor's (false – foul - fault – fake) that Peter died.
39- It was raining. There were no taxi. (At the end – To the end – In the end – Of the end) we managed to arrive home.
40- She wrote a/an (autograph – telegram – autobiography – biography) of Winston Churchill.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- It is time thinking about buying a house.
2- She'd rather watching TV than go to the cinema.
3- At first he denied stealing the money but he later indebted it.
4- He locked on the door before he entered.
5- Smoking is likely to damage your health parentally.
6- She spent a month in the country cooperating from the operation.
7- She has a very nice person. Everyone likes her.
8- May I introduce one of my colleges at the bank?
9- It's only human creature to want the best for your children.
10- There was a lot of infect between him and his father.
11- She left me some money in her wool.
12- He was sent to prison because he had connected murder.
13- They changed the whole annoyance of the house just by painting.
14- He felled in his attempt to break the record.
15- We should restrict the environment and not pollute it.

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