Passive Verbs: Past & Present
تتكون صيغة المبنى للمجهول من
To Be + p.p. ويستخدم فعل to Be في نفس زمن الجملة
Simple present مضارع بسيط am / is / are + PP.
People speak English in England.
English is spoken in England.
speak/speaks >>> is/are spoken
Present Continiouos مضارع مستمر am / is / are + being + PP.
Someone is watering my garden.
My garden is being watered.
is/are watering >>> is/are being watered
Simple past ماضي بسيط was / were + PP.
They played chess last night.
Chess was played last night.
played >>> was/were played
Past Continiouos ماضي مستمر was / were + being + PP.
I thought they were following me.
I thought I was being followed.
was/were following >>> was/were being followed
Present perfect مضارع تام have / has been + PP.
I have read the report.
The report has been read.
have/has read >>> have/has been read
Past perfect ماضي تام had been + PP.
I knew why they had arrested him.
I knew why he had been arrested.
had arrested >>> had been arrested
Future simple مستقبل بسيط will be + PP.
They will sell their old car.
Their old car will be sold.
will sell >>> will be sold
Future perfect مستقبل تام will have been + PP.
She will have done all the exercises.
All the exercises will have been done.
will have done >>> will have been done
Simple modals الأفعال الناقصة can/should/have to/used to/may…etc+ be+ PP.
They used to do the shopping on Monday.
The shopping used to be done on Monday.
She might send the e-mail.
The e-mail might be sent.
used to do >>> used to be done
Perfect modals الأفعال الناقصة التامة
should have/could have/might have ..etc + been + PP.
He should have called the police.
The police should have been called.
He could have paid the bill.
The bill could have been paid.
should have called >>> should have been called
تذكر
can / could will / would shall / should may / might
must ought to have to / has to / had to need to needn’t used to
be going to will have to + be + pp.
They will have to cancel the match.
The match will have to be cancelled.
يمكن إستخدام get بدلا من be
عند التحويل إلى المبنى للمجهول وذلك مع أفعال معينة مثل
get arrested / get killed/ get married / get divorcedبطلق / get caught يقبض علي
get elected ينتخب/ get lost / get hurt / get beaten يهزم/ get delayed يتأخر
get confused يرتبك / get burnt / get damaged / get fired يفصل من العمل / get run overيصـدم
The members of the council elected him.
= He was elected by the members of the council.
= He got elected by the members of the council.
لا بد من استخدام الفاعل + by
مع أفعال معينة مثل
build / invent / discover / design / write / damage / compose / destroy
Marconi invented the radio.
The radio was invented by Marconi.
أو يمكن الإستغناء عنها بإضافة
The radio was invented in 1895.
الجملة المنفية تظل منفية في المبنى للمجهول
don’t / doesn’t am not / isn’t / aren’t + PP.
didn’t wasn’t / weren’t + PP.
They don't sell butter here.
Butter is not sold here.
They didn’t send the letters.
The letters weren’t sent.
و تكون الجملة منفية أيضا إذا بدأت بكلمات مثل
Neither / No one / Nobody
Neither of them attended the meeting.
The meeting wasn’t attended by any of them.
في حالة وجود مفعولين " مفعول مباشر ومفعول غير مباشر " يمكن أن نبدأ بأي منهما في المبنى للمجهول و لكن لاحظ استخدام حرف جر عندما نبدأ بالمفعول المباشر
She made me a cup of coffee.
I was made a cup of coffee.
A cup of coffee was made for me.
يستخدم حرف الجر for مع أفعال معينة مثل
buy / build / find / order / make / leave / save / get / keep. (for)
يستخدم حرف الجر to مع أفعال معينة مثل
give / bring / lend / offer / pass / read / sell / show / write. (to)
He wrote her a letter . A letter was written to her.
عادة لا نستخدم الفعل let فى المبنى للمجهول
allow و نستخدم بدلا منه الفعل
She let me use her computer. I was allowed to use her computer.
لاحظ التحويل إلى المبني للمجهول في حالة وجود أحد الأفعال التالية
think / say / believe / know / consider / understand / claim / expect / allege / report / suppose / fear
People think that this building withstands earthquakes.
يمكن تحويل هذه الجملة إلى المبنى للمجهول بطريقتين
1) It + be + P.P. (التصريف الثالث من الفعل الأول ) + that + بقية الجمــلة
It is thought that this building withstands earthquakes.
2) فاعل الجملة الثانية + to Be + PP. (من الفعل الأول) + to-inf. من الفعل الثاني للجملة
This building is thought to withstand earthquakes.
هذا إذا كان زمن الجملة في المضارع أو المستقبل البسيط
أما إذا كان زمن الجملة فى في الماضي أو المضارع التام أو الماضي التام
فاعل الجملة الثانية + to be + PP(من الفعل الأول) + to have + PP.
People think that he was a liar.
It is thought that he was a liar.
He is thought to have been a liar.
لاحظ التحويل فى المثال التالى
People believe that she stole the documents.
= It is believed that she stole the documents.
= It is believed that the documents were stolen.
= She is believed to have stolen the documents.
في حالة وجود مضارع مستمر نستخدم to be + ing
I think he is making a plan.
It is thought that he is making a plan.
It is thought that a plan is being made.
He is thought to be making a plan.
في حالة وجود ماضي مستمر نستخدم to be +V- ing أو to have been +V- ing
I think he was making a plan.
It is thought that he was making a plan.
He is thought to be making/ to have been making a plan.
تتكون صيغة المبنى للمجهول من
To Be + p.p. ويستخدم فعل to Be في نفس زمن الجملة
Simple present مضارع بسيط am / is / are + PP.
People speak English in England.
English is spoken in England.
speak/speaks >>> is/are spoken
Present Continiouos مضارع مستمر am / is / are + being + PP.
Someone is watering my garden.
My garden is being watered.
is/are watering >>> is/are being watered
Simple past ماضي بسيط was / were + PP.
They played chess last night.
Chess was played last night.
played >>> was/were played
Past Continiouos ماضي مستمر was / were + being + PP.
I thought they were following me.
I thought I was being followed.
was/were following >>> was/were being followed
Present perfect مضارع تام have / has been + PP.
I have read the report.
The report has been read.
have/has read >>> have/has been read
Past perfect ماضي تام had been + PP.
I knew why they had arrested him.
I knew why he had been arrested.
had arrested >>> had been arrested
Future simple مستقبل بسيط will be + PP.
They will sell their old car.
Their old car will be sold.
will sell >>> will be sold
Future perfect مستقبل تام will have been + PP.
She will have done all the exercises.
All the exercises will have been done.
will have done >>> will have been done
Simple modals الأفعال الناقصة can/should/have to/used to/may…etc+ be+ PP.
They used to do the shopping on Monday.
The shopping used to be done on Monday.
She might send the e-mail.
The e-mail might be sent.
used to do >>> used to be done
Perfect modals الأفعال الناقصة التامة
should have/could have/might have ..etc + been + PP.
He should have called the police.
The police should have been called.
He could have paid the bill.
The bill could have been paid.
should have called >>> should have been called
تذكر
can / could will / would shall / should may / might
must ought to have to / has to / had to need to needn’t used to
be going to will have to + be + pp.
They will have to cancel the match.
The match will have to be cancelled.
يمكن إستخدام get بدلا من be
عند التحويل إلى المبنى للمجهول وذلك مع أفعال معينة مثل
get arrested / get killed/ get married / get divorcedبطلق / get caught يقبض علي
get elected ينتخب/ get lost / get hurt / get beaten يهزم/ get delayed يتأخر
get confused يرتبك / get burnt / get damaged / get fired يفصل من العمل / get run overيصـدم
The members of the council elected him.
= He was elected by the members of the council.
= He got elected by the members of the council.
لا بد من استخدام الفاعل + by
مع أفعال معينة مثل
build / invent / discover / design / write / damage / compose / destroy
Marconi invented the radio.
The radio was invented by Marconi.
أو يمكن الإستغناء عنها بإضافة
The radio was invented in 1895.
الجملة المنفية تظل منفية في المبنى للمجهول
don’t / doesn’t am not / isn’t / aren’t + PP.
didn’t wasn’t / weren’t + PP.
They don't sell butter here.
Butter is not sold here.
They didn’t send the letters.
The letters weren’t sent.
و تكون الجملة منفية أيضا إذا بدأت بكلمات مثل
Neither / No one / Nobody
Neither of them attended the meeting.
The meeting wasn’t attended by any of them.
في حالة وجود مفعولين " مفعول مباشر ومفعول غير مباشر " يمكن أن نبدأ بأي منهما في المبنى للمجهول و لكن لاحظ استخدام حرف جر عندما نبدأ بالمفعول المباشر
She made me a cup of coffee.
I was made a cup of coffee.
A cup of coffee was made for me.
يستخدم حرف الجر for مع أفعال معينة مثل
buy / build / find / order / make / leave / save / get / keep. (for)
يستخدم حرف الجر to مع أفعال معينة مثل
give / bring / lend / offer / pass / read / sell / show / write. (to)
He wrote her a letter . A letter was written to her.
عادة لا نستخدم الفعل let فى المبنى للمجهول
allow و نستخدم بدلا منه الفعل
She let me use her computer. I was allowed to use her computer.
لاحظ التحويل إلى المبني للمجهول في حالة وجود أحد الأفعال التالية
think / say / believe / know / consider / understand / claim / expect / allege / report / suppose / fear
People think that this building withstands earthquakes.
يمكن تحويل هذه الجملة إلى المبنى للمجهول بطريقتين
1) It + be + P.P. (التصريف الثالث من الفعل الأول ) + that + بقية الجمــلة
It is thought that this building withstands earthquakes.
2) فاعل الجملة الثانية + to Be + PP. (من الفعل الأول) + to-inf. من الفعل الثاني للجملة
This building is thought to withstand earthquakes.
هذا إذا كان زمن الجملة في المضارع أو المستقبل البسيط
أما إذا كان زمن الجملة فى في الماضي أو المضارع التام أو الماضي التام
فاعل الجملة الثانية + to be + PP(من الفعل الأول) + to have + PP.
People think that he was a liar.
It is thought that he was a liar.
He is thought to have been a liar.
لاحظ التحويل فى المثال التالى
People believe that she stole the documents.
= It is believed that she stole the documents.
= It is believed that the documents were stolen.
= She is believed to have stolen the documents.
في حالة وجود مضارع مستمر نستخدم to be + ing
I think he is making a plan.
It is thought that he is making a plan.
It is thought that a plan is being made.
He is thought to be making a plan.
في حالة وجود ماضي مستمر نستخدم to be +V- ing أو to have been +V- ing
I think he was making a plan.
It is thought that he was making a plan.
He is thought to be making/ to have been making a plan.
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