Vocabulary
calculate (يحسب ) bark (لحاء الشجر ) extract ( يستخرج ) harden ( يجعله صلبا )
width ( عرض / اتساع ) ring ( حلَقة ) tube ( أنبوب ) cardboard ( ورق مقوي / كرتون )
instrument ( أداة ) products ( منتجات ) rubber ( مطاط / مطاطي ) sap ( عصارة )
toothpaste ( معجون أسنان ) turpentine ( زيت يُستخرج من أشجار الصنوبر ) roots ( الجذور )
cells ( خلايا ) trunk ( الجذع ) branch ( فرع ) leaves ( أوراق الشجر ) goats ( ماعز )
damage ( ضرر / تلف ) soft ( ناعم / أملس ) cellular ( حلوي ) farms ( مزارع ) nuts ( الجوز )
breathe ( يتنفس ) breath ( النَفَس ) breathing ( التنفس ) heating ( التدفئة ) woods ( غابة )
furniture ( الأثاث ) musical instrument ( آلة موسيقية ) paint remover ( مزيل طلاء )
chemical ( مادة كيميائية ) plastic ( البلاستيك ) flat ( مسطح ) seeds ( البذور ) plough ( يحرث )
irrigate ( يَروي ) fertile ( خصب ) bridge ( جسر / كوبري ) pink ( وردي )
car tyres ( إطارات السيارات ) brush ( فرشاة / يستخدم الفرشاة ) firm ( صلب / حازم / شركة )
stiff ( جامد / صلب ) thin ( رقيق / رفيع ) count the rings ( يعِد الحلقات )
sequoia ( أشجار السيكويا في كاليفورنيا ) violin ( كمان ) musical sounds ( أصوات موسيقية )
punish ( يعاقب ) punishment ( العقاب ) container ( وعاء / إناء / حاوية ) prune trees (يُقَلِم الأشجار )absorb ( يمتص ) absorption ( امتصاص ) rain forests ( الغابات المطيرة ) owner ( مالك )
detective ( مخبر ) select ( يختار ) selection ( اختيار ) plot ( حبكة ) scene ( مشهد )
gradual ( تدريجي ) gradually ( بالتدريج )
Prepositions and Expressions
cut down يقطع
carry from .. to ينقل من .. إلى
leave out يستبعد
along the sides of the street علي جانبي الشارع
believe it or not صدق أو لا تصدق
in addition to بالإضافة إلي
make predictions يتنبأ
in general بصفة عامة
do a favour يقدم خدمة أو معروف
good for مفيد لـ
get in the team ينضم للفريق
fall over in the wind يسقط أثناء هبوب الرياح
a set of instructions مجموعة تعليمات
get better at يتحسن في
put down roots يستقر (في مكان معين)
put out fire يُطفئ النيران
hide from enemies يختبئ من الأعداء
in the shape of a circle علي شكل دائرة
make paper out of wood يصنع الورق من الخشب
take in يمتص / يفهم / يخدع
keep .. away from يُبعد .. عن
do damage to يضُر / يُلحق ضررا بـ
do good to يعود بالفائدة علي
give out يُخرج / يُطلق
make up يُشكِل / يُكَوِن / يخترع قصة
point downwards يمتد أو يتجه لأسفل
Definitions
bark = the material that forms the surface of the wood of a tree
harden = to become firm or stiff.
ring = an object in the shape of a circle
tube = a pipe that liquids or gases go through.
roots = the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.
calculate= to find out something or measure something by using numbers
extract = to remove something
width = the distance from one side of something to the other
cardboard = very stiff thick paper, used especially for making boxes
instrument = something such as a piano or violin used for producing musical sounds =
products = things that are made or grown to be sold
rubber = A substance used for making tyres, boots, etc.
sap = the liquid that carries food through plants and trees
toothpaste = substance used for cleaning your teeth
turpentine = a strong-smelling liquid used for removing paint
Language Notes:
لاحظ استخدام الصفة في هذا التركيب:
It ( be ) + adj. + of + someone +(not) to do something
مع صفات مثل
(nice / kind / stupid / silly / clever / polite / careless)
1- It is kind of you to help me.
2- It was careless of Jack not to lock the door.
يُضاف المقطع th لتكوين الاسم
wide width long length
strong strength deep depth
grow growth heal healt
put down roots يستقر (في مكان معين)
put out fire يُطفئ النيران
hide from enemies يختبئ من الأعداء
in the shape of a circle علي شكل دائرة
make paper out of wood يصنع الورق من الخشب
take in يمتص / يفهم / يخدع
keep .. away from يُبعد .. عن
do damage to يضُر / يُلحق ضررا بـ
do good to يعود بالفائدة علي
give out يُخرج / يُطلق
make up يُشكِل / يُكَوِن / يخترع قصة
point downwards يمتد أو يتجه لأسفل
Definitions
bark = the material that forms the surface of the wood of a tree
harden = to become firm or stiff.
ring = an object in the shape of a circle
tube = a pipe that liquids or gases go through.
roots = the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.
calculate= to find out something or measure something by using numbers
extract = to remove something
width = the distance from one side of something to the other
cardboard = very stiff thick paper, used especially for making boxes
instrument = something such as a piano or violin used for producing musical sounds =
products = things that are made or grown to be sold
rubber = A substance used for making tyres, boots, etc.
sap = the liquid that carries food through plants and trees
toothpaste = substance used for cleaning your teeth
turpentine = a strong-smelling liquid used for removing paint
Language Notes:
لاحظ استخدام الصفة في هذا التركيب:
It ( be ) + adj. + of + someone +(not) to do something
مع صفات مثل
(nice / kind / stupid / silly / clever / polite / careless)
1- It is kind of you to help me.
2- It was careless of Jack not to lock the door.
يُضاف المقطع th لتكوين الاسم
wide width long length
strong strength deep depth
grow growth heal healt
تستخدم else بعد الكلمات التي تبدأ بـ some – every – no – some وتنتهي بالكلمات one / thing / body / where مثل:
Someone else/ everyone else / something else / nothing else
وتستخدم else بعد أدوات الاستفهام what / who / why / where:
•Do you need anything else?
•Who else attended حضر the meeting?
be made of: مصنوع من مادة لا تتغير خواصها
•This watch is made of gold.
be made from: مصنوع من (مادة أو أكثرتتغير خواصها
•This cake is made from flour, butter and milk.
be made by: مصنوع بواسطة (مبني للمجهول
• This hat was made by a friend of mine.
be made in: مصنوع في مكان معين
• A lot of products are now made in China.
الصفة المركبة تتكون عادة من كلمتين وتصف الاسم بعدها:
Adj. / Adv. + PP: ? Adj. / Adv. / n. + V + ing:
old-fashioned densely-populated kind-hearted
deeply-rooted open-minded absent-minded
brightly-coloured widely-used strong-minded
far-reaching long-lasting mouth-watering
never-ending labour-saving fast-growing
Someone else/ everyone else / something else / nothing else
وتستخدم else بعد أدوات الاستفهام what / who / why / where:
•Do you need anything else?
•Who else attended حضر the meeting?
be made of: مصنوع من مادة لا تتغير خواصها
•This watch is made of gold.
be made from: مصنوع من (مادة أو أكثرتتغير خواصها
•This cake is made from flour, butter and milk.
be made by: مصنوع بواسطة (مبني للمجهول
• This hat was made by a friend of mine.
be made in: مصنوع في مكان معين
• A lot of products are now made in China.
الصفة المركبة تتكون عادة من كلمتين وتصف الاسم بعدها:
Adj. / Adv. + PP: ? Adj. / Adv. / n. + V + ing:
old-fashioned densely-populated kind-hearted
deeply-rooted open-minded absent-minded
brightly-coloured widely-used strong-minded
far-reaching long-lasting mouth-watering
never-ending labour-saving fast-growing
تأتي catch بمعاني مختلفة:
catch the ball catch a thief catch fire
catch a disease catch fish catch a train /a bus
catch up with catch someone's attention catch sight of
تأتي hold بمعاني مختلفة:
hold a meeting / a conference hold a position / a post hold an opinion
hold (500) people hold (him) responsible for hold the line = hold on
Vocabulary and Language Notes
catch the ball catch a thief catch fire
catch a disease catch fish catch a train /a bus
catch up with catch someone's attention catch sight of
تأتي hold بمعاني مختلفة:
hold a meeting / a conference hold a position / a post hold an opinion
hold (500) people hold (him) responsible for hold the line = hold on
Vocabulary and Language Notes
Choose the correct answers :
1- Many boxes are (made of – made in – made by – made from) cardboard.
2- People put (toothpaste – cream – tablets – pills) on their brush to clean their teeth.
3- Every year, the cells under the bark of a tree (hard – herd – harden – burden) and become new wood.
4- This road is too narrow for all today's traffic, so they are going to (shorten – sharpen – harden – widen) it.
5- That old bridge over the river is very weak. They will have to (lengthen – strengthen – narrow – weaken) it soon.
6- The new trousers are too long, so my mother is going to (broaden – widen – deepen – shorten) them for me.
7- The knife doesn't cut very well. I need to (weaken – sharpen – harden – widen) it.
8- That film is so popular that the queues to see it (widen – strengthen - lengthen – long) every day.
9- The liquid that carries food in trees is called (tap – nap – sap – lap).
10- A violin is a musical (instrument – equipment – machine – technique).
11- She used rubber (doves – clubs – gloves – cups) to protect her hands from chemicals.
12- She has a lot of sports (equipment – styles – techniques - ways) in her house.
13- The world is trying to find a solution to the problem of (local – regional – universal – global) warming.
14- He used a paint (remove – removal – removing – remover) to clean his shirt.
15- My hands (hardened – awakened – broadened – lengthened) when I was working on the farm.
16- We can determine the (length – width -age – disease) of a tree by counting the rings.
17- We need 3 test (taps – tips – tubes – tops) for this experiment.
18- Egypt exports a lot of (conducts – instructs – deducts – products) to other countries.
19- I (included – excluded – calculated – valued) that we would arrive there at 6. p.m.
20- The oil which is (extracted – retreated – contacted – conducted) from olives is used for cooking.
21- The garden is 20 metres in (wide – widen – width – the wide).
22- The scientists couldn't (accumulate – insulate – congratulate – calculate) when the spaceship would reach the moon.
23- This firm has (leaves – trunks – branches – roots) in many cities.
24- A lot of medicines come from tropical (rainforests – rainbows – raindrops – rainfalls).
25- The walls of the house (avoid – protect – absorb – widen) heat during the day.
26- Wheat grows well on (futile – fertile – file – infertile) soil.
27- Cutting (in – of – away – down) trees causes damage to the environment.
28- We should plant more trees (along – beneath – off – above) the sides of streets.
29- Five trees fell (on – over – to – in) in the storm.
30- After ten years of travelling around the world, she felt it was time to put down (roots – branches – trunks – leaves) somewhere.
31- You have to obey all the (roles – reels – rails – rules) and regulations.
32- The (weather – climate – atmosphere – sky) was so cold yesterday, so we didn't go out.
33- In (add – additional – addition – additive) to washing the dishes, she tidied her room.
34- They (drilled – pulled – called - felled) into the tree and extracted a thin piece of wood.
35- The (width – health – wealth – filth) of the rings of trees depend on the climate and the amount of rain.
36- Studying the rings of trees shows us (why – when – how much – what) the weather was like hundreds of years ago.
37- Most trees (die – live – grow – reach) bigger every year.
38- In every tree, there is a circle of soft cells which (harden – drop – stay – go) every spring or summer.
39- The (tapes – tunnels – tubes – channels) carry water from a tree's roots to its leaves.
40- The bark (destroys – demolishes – protects – hides) the living part of the tree.
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Car tyres and the bottoms of some shoes are made from rubber.
2- The tree's leaves help it to take off light from the sun.
3- This cream contains expands from several plants.
4- The tallest tree is among two and three thousand years old.
5- Goats and other animals can die trees by damaging the bark.
6- The cells below the bark firm new wood every year.
7- The more air there is in a year, the wider the tree rings are.
8- It is possible to inculcate the age of a tree.
9- We need wood from trees for demolishing houses.
10- We can make paper down of wood.
11- Wood can be used as a feel for cooking and heating.
12- Trees help to increase pollution.
13- Turpentine is used as a paint mover.
14- The climate today is so cold. I can't go out.
15- This road contacts Assiut with Fayoum.
1- Many boxes are (made of – made in – made by – made from) cardboard.
2- People put (toothpaste – cream – tablets – pills) on their brush to clean their teeth.
3- Every year, the cells under the bark of a tree (hard – herd – harden – burden) and become new wood.
4- This road is too narrow for all today's traffic, so they are going to (shorten – sharpen – harden – widen) it.
5- That old bridge over the river is very weak. They will have to (lengthen – strengthen – narrow – weaken) it soon.
6- The new trousers are too long, so my mother is going to (broaden – widen – deepen – shorten) them for me.
7- The knife doesn't cut very well. I need to (weaken – sharpen – harden – widen) it.
8- That film is so popular that the queues to see it (widen – strengthen - lengthen – long) every day.
9- The liquid that carries food in trees is called (tap – nap – sap – lap).
10- A violin is a musical (instrument – equipment – machine – technique).
11- She used rubber (doves – clubs – gloves – cups) to protect her hands from chemicals.
12- She has a lot of sports (equipment – styles – techniques - ways) in her house.
13- The world is trying to find a solution to the problem of (local – regional – universal – global) warming.
14- He used a paint (remove – removal – removing – remover) to clean his shirt.
15- My hands (hardened – awakened – broadened – lengthened) when I was working on the farm.
16- We can determine the (length – width -age – disease) of a tree by counting the rings.
17- We need 3 test (taps – tips – tubes – tops) for this experiment.
18- Egypt exports a lot of (conducts – instructs – deducts – products) to other countries.
19- I (included – excluded – calculated – valued) that we would arrive there at 6. p.m.
20- The oil which is (extracted – retreated – contacted – conducted) from olives is used for cooking.
21- The garden is 20 metres in (wide – widen – width – the wide).
22- The scientists couldn't (accumulate – insulate – congratulate – calculate) when the spaceship would reach the moon.
23- This firm has (leaves – trunks – branches – roots) in many cities.
24- A lot of medicines come from tropical (rainforests – rainbows – raindrops – rainfalls).
25- The walls of the house (avoid – protect – absorb – widen) heat during the day.
26- Wheat grows well on (futile – fertile – file – infertile) soil.
27- Cutting (in – of – away – down) trees causes damage to the environment.
28- We should plant more trees (along – beneath – off – above) the sides of streets.
29- Five trees fell (on – over – to – in) in the storm.
30- After ten years of travelling around the world, she felt it was time to put down (roots – branches – trunks – leaves) somewhere.
31- You have to obey all the (roles – reels – rails – rules) and regulations.
32- The (weather – climate – atmosphere – sky) was so cold yesterday, so we didn't go out.
33- In (add – additional – addition – additive) to washing the dishes, she tidied her room.
34- They (drilled – pulled – called - felled) into the tree and extracted a thin piece of wood.
35- The (width – health – wealth – filth) of the rings of trees depend on the climate and the amount of rain.
36- Studying the rings of trees shows us (why – when – how much – what) the weather was like hundreds of years ago.
37- Most trees (die – live – grow – reach) bigger every year.
38- In every tree, there is a circle of soft cells which (harden – drop – stay – go) every spring or summer.
39- The (tapes – tunnels – tubes – channels) carry water from a tree's roots to its leaves.
40- The bark (destroys – demolishes – protects – hides) the living part of the tree.
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Car tyres and the bottoms of some shoes are made from rubber.
2- The tree's leaves help it to take off light from the sun.
3- This cream contains expands from several plants.
4- The tallest tree is among two and three thousand years old.
5- Goats and other animals can die trees by damaging the bark.
6- The cells below the bark firm new wood every year.
7- The more air there is in a year, the wider the tree rings are.
8- It is possible to inculcate the age of a tree.
9- We need wood from trees for demolishing houses.
10- We can make paper down of wood.
11- Wood can be used as a feel for cooking and heating.
12- Trees help to increase pollution.
13- Turpentine is used as a paint mover.
14- The climate today is so cold. I can't go out.
15- This road contacts Assiut with Fayoum.
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