UNIT 12 - Festivals and Folk Music
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
celebrate يحتفل
drum طبلة
folk (adj. / n) شعبي / الموسيقي والأغاني الشعبية
landmark مًعلًم هام / حدث أو اكتشاف مؤثر
mark (v/n) يُمثل / يحتفل بـ / يكون إيذانا ببدء ..
position وضع / مكان / مكانة / منزلة / وظيفة / مركز
procession موكب
distinctive مُمًيًز وواضح
event حدث (هام)
evolve يتطور
fireworks ألعاب نارية
responsibility مسئولية
vary يتنوع / يختلف
harvest الحصاد / يحصد
drummer طبال
variety تنوع / مجموعة منوعة
evolution التطور
benefits فوائد
distinction تميز / اختلاف
festival مهرجان
folk music الموسيقي الشعبية
traditional تقليدي
a particular style أسلوب معين
local community مجتمع محلي
individual فرد / فردي
entertainment الترفيه
a special purpose غرض خاص
Upper Egypt صعيد مصر
region منطقة
regional اقليمي
a common instrument آلة (موسيقية) شائعة
a line of people طابور من الناس
stick عصا
objects أشياء
the Eiffel Tower برج إيفل
palace قصر
royal ملكي
relatives أقارب
drumstick عصا النقر علي الطبلة
clap/clapped يصفق
traditional music موسيقي تقليدية
commemorate يحيي ذكري
feel bored يشعر بالملل
distinctively بشكل مميز وواضح
distinguish يُميِز
distinguished متميز / بارز
sculptures تماثيل منحوتة
enormous model نموذج هائل
well-known معروف / مشهور
oral tradition تقليد شفهي
local materials مواد محلية
child's development نمو الطفل
increasingly بصورة متزايدة
health conditions الظروف الصحية
mental عقلي
a fan مُعجب
a professional musician موسيقي أو عازف محترف
can't stand لا يطيق
the oud العود
a sports centre مركز رياضي
relax يسترخي / يستجم
keep fit يحافظ علي اللياقة البدنية
gym صالة الألعاب
driving test اختبار القيادة
driving licence رخصة القيادة
efficiently بكفاءة
sound like يبدو مثل
a modern process عملية حديثة
floating gardens حدائق طافية
nutrients مواد مغذية
submarine غواصة
astronaut رائد فضاء
agriculture الزراعة
growing crops زراعة المحاصيل
salt water مياه مالحة
growers الزراع
plough محراث
weaving النسج
shadouf الشادوف
papyrus ورق البردي
collect يجمع
clay pots أواني فخارية
a well بئر
potter صانع الفخار
evaporate يتبخر
loom نول (لصناعة النسيج)
Words and their antonyms كلمات وعكسها
loyal مخلص / وفي
disloyal غير مخلص
mental عقلي
physical بدني / جسمي
promote يُرقي
demote ينُزل من درجته
hope for يأمل في
despair of ييأس من
last (v) يستمر
stop / end يتوقف
distinctive مُمًيز
common عادي / شائع
distribute يوزع
collect يجمع
evaporate يتبخر
condense يتكاثف
respect (n) احترام
contempt احتقار
lifeless ميت / بلا حياة
alive حي
scarce نادر
plentiful وفير
generous كريم
miserly بخيل
Words and their synonyms كلمات ومرادفاتها
agreement موافقة
=consent
loyal مخلص
=faithful
mental ذهني / عقلي
=intellectual
physical جسمي
=bodily
distribute يوزع
=give out
lifeless ميت
=dead
likely محتمل
=probable
vary يختلف
=differ
scarce نادر
=rare
infuriate يُغضِب بشدة
=enrage
gigantic هائل
=titanic
entertainment ترفيه
=amusement
evolve يتطور
=develop
responsibility مسئولية
=duty
liberate يحرر
=emancipate
mean بخيل
=miserly
distinction فرق / اختلاف
=difference
facilitate يسهل
=make easy
Prepositions and Expressions حروف جر وتعبيرات
last for يستمر لمدة
in the same way بنفس الطريقة
be influenced by يتأثر بـ
make up songs يؤلف أغاني
get through their work ينجزون عملهم
sing babies to sleep يغني للأطفال لكي يناموا
write down music يُدون الموسيقي
vary from place to place يختلف من مكان إلي مكان
evolve into يتطور إلي
listen to music يستمع للموسيقي
with this in mind واضعا ذلك في الاعتبار
it is our responsibility to إنها مسئوليتنا أن
use music for a purpose يستخدم الموسيقي لغرض
the main benefits of الفوائد الرئيسية لـ
look with envy at ينظر بحسد إلي
in relation to بالنسبة إلي
distinct from متميز عن
give out يوزع
be carved out of يكون منحوتا من
access to الحق في دخول أو استخدام أو الحصول علي شيء
throughout the world في أنحاء العالم
pass from … to ينتقل من..إلي..
cheer up يبتهج
walk past يمر من أمام..
train for the race يتدرب من أجل السباق
at lunchtime في وقت الغداء
come up to the surface يصعد الي السطح
take responsibility for يتحمل المسئولية عن
be made up of يتكون من
occupy a volume of يشغل حجما قدره
Irregular Verbs أفعال شاذة
withstand/withstood/ withstood يتحمل
repay/repaid/repaid يسدد
pay/paid/paid يدفع
rewrite/rewrote/ rewritten يعيد كتابة
put/put/put يضع
ride/rode/ridden يركب
read/read/read يقرأ
ring/rang/rung يرن
rebuild/rebuilt/rebuilt يعيد بناء
say/said/said يقول
Words that go together كلمات متوافقة
score a goal يسجل هدف
achieve a goal يحقق هدف (في الحياة)
make a loud noise يحُدث ضوضاء عالية
get together يتقابل / يجتمع
irresponsible behaviour سلوك غير مسئول
a distinctive style أسلوب متميز
a historical play مسرحية تاريخية
mark the beginning of يُمثل بداية ..
music therapy العلاج بالموسيقي
play an instrument يعزف علي آلة (موسيقية)
fall asleep يغلبه النوم
develop new techniques يُطور أساليب جديدة
a regular supply إمداد منتظم
make time يوفر وقت لعمل شيء
information technology تكنولوجيا المعلومات)
high yield crops محاصيل ذات إنتاجية عاليى
decreasing amount كمية متناقصة
usable land أرض صالحة للاستخدام
air transport النقل الجوي
marine transport النقل البحري
river bed قاع النهر
mental age العمر العقلي
birth rate معدل المواليد
death rate معدل الوفيات
family planning تنظيم الأسرة
population explosion الانفجار السكاني
at the appointed time في الوقت المحدد
at the present time في الوقت الحالي
Read the following passage carefully:
Folk music
In the same way that cultures have their own festivals, they also have their own traditional folk music: a particular style of music that uses different instruments.
Unlike other kinds of music, folk music usually develops in local communities. Even in one country, different areas, cities and villages often have their own distinctive styles. For example, the traditional music of Cairo is different from the music of other parts of Egypt. Distinctive styles developed because, in the past, most people were born and lived their lives in one village or one small area. Music was individual, not influenced by music from other areas.
Today, most modern music is written as entertainment. Most folk music, however, has a special purpose. Folk songs, for example, were made up to describe important historical events, to help people get through their day's work, or to sing babies to sleep. Until recent times, folk music was not written down. Children learnt it from their families, friends or neighbours.
The musical instruments used in folk also vary from place to place. The people of Upper Egypt, for example, often play the rababah, an instrument like a violin; the simsimiyya is the instrument of the Suez area. The oud is common in the folk music of Cairo. Once, it was taken to Europe, where it evolved into a number of modern Instruments.
Today, travel and modern technology have made it possible for anyone to listen to music not just from other areas, but from other cultures around the world. Because of this, distinctive folk music could disappear in future. With this in mind, it is our responsibility to do everything we can to protect the traditional music of our countries, our regions and our communities.
Definitions
celebrate = to do something special because it is a special occasion, or because something good has happened
drum (n) = a round musical instrument which you play by hitting it with your hand or a stick
fireworks = small objects that explode or bum with a coloured light, used for celebrating special events
landmark = something that helps you recognise where you are, such as a famous building
mark (v) = to show that something is happening, especially an important event or change
position (n) = the place where someone or something is in relation to other things
procession = a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony
distinctive = showing a person or thing to be different from others
event = something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual•
evolve = to develop or make something develop gradually
folk = traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area
responsibility = if something is your responsibility, it is your duty to make sure that it is done
vary = if things of the same type vary, they are all different from each other
Language Notes ملاحظات لفوية
قبل أسماء الفصول يمكن استخدام أو عدم استخدام
the:
It usually snows here in (the) winter.
Snow (الثلج (قطرات الماء المتجمدة التي تسقط من السماء
Ice ( الثلج أو الجليد (الماء عندما يتجمد ويصبح ثلجا
Outside the snow began to fall.
Would you like ice in your juice?
except (for) فيما عدا / باستثناء
Everyone went to the show except for Scott .
= Scott was the only one who didn’t go to the show.
ملاحظات علي استخدام
except / except for :
1- نستخدم except فقط قبل حروف الجر وأدوات الربط:
It's the same everywhere except in Scotland.
He's good-looking except when he smiles.
2- يستخدم الاسم أو ضمير المفعول بعد
except / except for :
Everybody understands except me.
We are all ready except for her.
3- لاحظ أن
except that يأتي بعدها جملة:
I know nothing about him except that he lives in Cairo.
Accept + n يقبل accept an invitation / an apology اعتذار / a present / a bribe رشوة
Expect to + inf. يتوقع
Expect … will
He accepted my invitation to the party.
She expects to find a good job soon.
I expect that she will pass the test.
differ (from) يختلف differ about / on / over يختلف بشأن
differentiate between … and … يميز الفرق / يبين الاختلاف
differentiate … from … يميز الفرق / يبين الاختلاف
People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.
The two lawyers differed about how to present the case.
It's important to differentiate between fact and opinion.
Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others.
musician عازف composer مُلحن
He is a talented young musician
My favourite composer is Beethoven.
تُستخدم even للدلالة علي شيء غير متوقع:
Most companies have suffered a drop in their profits, even very large companies.
It was quite difficult to see, even with the light on.
تُستخدم even مع الصفات في حالة المقارنة:
This will make our job even more difficult.
queue طابور من الناس - بغرض الحصول علي شيء
line ( queue صف (من الناس أو الأشياء ويمكن أيضا أن تستخدم بنفس معني
row صف من الناس أو الأشياء
There was a queue of people waiting for the bus.
There was a long queue to get into the cinema.
I looked in despair at the long line in front of the ticket office.
There was a line of trees on either side of the road.
The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher.
The children were asked to stand in a row.
Have something (nothing / a lot) to do with له أو ليس له علاقة بـ
His job has nothing to do with telephones.
I don't know what he does exactly, but I know it has something to do with computers
It + be something (nothing) to do with له أو ليس له علاقة بـ
My job is/has nothing to do with teaching.
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1. (Fieldwork – Framework – Teamwork – Fireworks) can be very dangerous, so they shouldn't be given to young children.
2. We scored a goal because the other team's goalkeeper was in the wrong (position – perfection – prevention – promotion).
3. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is one of the world's most famous (landmines – landmarks – landslides – landlords).
4. Forty members of our family got together to (accelerate – collaborate - celebrate – concentrate) my grandfather's birthday.
5. If you hit them hard, (drums – violins – pianos – guitars) make a very loud noise.
6. A (succession – recession – procession – commission) of about twenty thousand people moved slowly towards the king's palace.
7. New Year (communications - celebrations – confessions – depressions) in Scotland go on for three days.
8. Van Gogh, perhaps Holland's most (calculated – cancelled - celebrated – captured) artist, died in poverty.
9. He became a sporting (celebrity – ability – activity – capability) after winning the gold medal.
10. A (dreamer – hammer – mourner - drummer) is someone who plays drums.
11. The object you hit a drum with is called a (drumbeat – drum machine – drum set – drumstick).
12. A (position – composition – preposition – supposition) is the place where someone or something is in relation to other things.
13. (Steelworks – Masterworks – Networks - Fireworks) are small objects that explode or bum with a coloured light, used for celebrating special events.
14. A (line – row - procession – queue) is a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony.
15. To (donate – celebrate – volunteer - develop) means to do something special because it is a special occasion, or because something good has happened.
16. A/an (drum – accordion – piano - guitar) is a round musical instrument which you play by hitting it with your hand or a stick.
17. A (landmark – landfill – landlady - landscape) is something that helps you recognise where you are, such as a famous building.
18. To (start – make – mark - bring) is to show that something is happening, especially an important event or change.
19. If things of the same type (agree – vary – meet – demand), they are all different from each other
20. A/An (accident – condition – circumstance - event) is something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual.
21. If something is your (responsibility – rapidity – reliability – relativity), it is your duty to make sure that it is done.
22. (Yolk – Folk – Walk - Chalk) means traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area.
23. To (revolve – involve – revolt - evolve) means to develop or make something develop gradually.
24. Young people are (adaptable – responsible – adjustable - admirable) for protecting their country's folk music.
25. I don't understand the (deduction – direction – distinction - dissection) between who and which.
26. You can buy this shirt in (various – venomous – victorious – suspicious) colours.
27. The (evolution – pollution – resolution - distribution) of the internet has taken place over the last twenty years.
28. Our local university offers a (velocity – variety – viscosity – vicinity) of language courses.
29. It is (advisable – desirable – admirable - irresponsible) to drive dangerously especially in towns or cities.
30. The concert was a charitable (accident – condition - event – revenge) to collect money for the poor.
31. The guitar is a musical (machine – device – instrument – technique).
32. Whatever you think of Eliot's poetry, it's certainly (distinctive – addictive – additive – attentive).
33. His opinion was supported by (historian – hysterical – historical – historic) facts.
34. It was highly (irresistible – irritable – repairable – irresponsible) of him to leave the children on their own in the pool.
35. The Chinese New Year (festival – capital – classical – funeral) takes place between the 21st of January and the 19th of February.
36. Nearly all cultures celebrate a good (contest – harvest – forest - first) because it means that they will have food for the next year.
37. Sham El-Nessim is a festival that (makes – merges – marks – parks) the beginning of spring.
38. Folk music usually develops in (international – global – coastal – local) communities.
39. Folk music is a particular (style – function – bunch – quantity) of music that uses different instruments.
40. If you want to be a poet, you must (dissolve – revolve – solve – evolve) your own style of writing.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Different areas have distorted styles of folk music.
2- In the past, most people born and lived their lives in one small area.
3- In the past, music was indivisible, not influenced by music from other areas.
4- Today, most modern music is written as enrolment.
5- Folk music uses different musical installments.
6- Most folk music has a special propose.
7- Composers are skilled in playing music, usually as a job.
8- Today, we can listen to music from other captures around the world.
9- It is our immobility to do everything we can to protect the traditional music of our country.
10- Mothers sometimes use folk songs to sing their fathers to sleep.
11- With this aim in brain, the school uses modern technology to facilitate learning.
12- Children teach folk music from their families, friends or neighbours.
13- His views different considerably from those of his parents.
14- I accept he will get the job. I know he is very clever.
15- How do you usually cellophane New Year?
local community مجتمع محلي
individual فرد / فردي
entertainment الترفيه
a special purpose غرض خاص
Upper Egypt صعيد مصر
region منطقة
regional اقليمي
a common instrument آلة (موسيقية) شائعة
a line of people طابور من الناس
stick عصا
objects أشياء
the Eiffel Tower برج إيفل
palace قصر
royal ملكي
relatives أقارب
drumstick عصا النقر علي الطبلة
clap/clapped يصفق
traditional music موسيقي تقليدية
commemorate يحيي ذكري
feel bored يشعر بالملل
distinctively بشكل مميز وواضح
distinguish يُميِز
distinguished متميز / بارز
sculptures تماثيل منحوتة
enormous model نموذج هائل
well-known معروف / مشهور
oral tradition تقليد شفهي
local materials مواد محلية
child's development نمو الطفل
increasingly بصورة متزايدة
health conditions الظروف الصحية
mental عقلي
a fan مُعجب
a professional musician موسيقي أو عازف محترف
can't stand لا يطيق
the oud العود
a sports centre مركز رياضي
relax يسترخي / يستجم
keep fit يحافظ علي اللياقة البدنية
gym صالة الألعاب
driving test اختبار القيادة
driving licence رخصة القيادة
efficiently بكفاءة
sound like يبدو مثل
a modern process عملية حديثة
floating gardens حدائق طافية
nutrients مواد مغذية
submarine غواصة
astronaut رائد فضاء
agriculture الزراعة
growing crops زراعة المحاصيل
salt water مياه مالحة
growers الزراع
plough محراث
weaving النسج
shadouf الشادوف
papyrus ورق البردي
collect يجمع
clay pots أواني فخارية
a well بئر
potter صانع الفخار
evaporate يتبخر
loom نول (لصناعة النسيج)
Words and their antonyms كلمات وعكسها
loyal مخلص / وفي
disloyal غير مخلص
mental عقلي
physical بدني / جسمي
promote يُرقي
demote ينُزل من درجته
hope for يأمل في
despair of ييأس من
last (v) يستمر
stop / end يتوقف
distinctive مُمًيز
common عادي / شائع
distribute يوزع
collect يجمع
evaporate يتبخر
condense يتكاثف
respect (n) احترام
contempt احتقار
lifeless ميت / بلا حياة
alive حي
scarce نادر
plentiful وفير
generous كريم
miserly بخيل
Words and their synonyms كلمات ومرادفاتها
agreement موافقة
=consent
loyal مخلص
=faithful
mental ذهني / عقلي
=intellectual
physical جسمي
=bodily
distribute يوزع
=give out
lifeless ميت
=dead
likely محتمل
=probable
vary يختلف
=differ
scarce نادر
=rare
infuriate يُغضِب بشدة
=enrage
gigantic هائل
=titanic
entertainment ترفيه
=amusement
evolve يتطور
=develop
responsibility مسئولية
=duty
liberate يحرر
=emancipate
mean بخيل
=miserly
distinction فرق / اختلاف
=difference
facilitate يسهل
=make easy
Prepositions and Expressions حروف جر وتعبيرات
last for يستمر لمدة
in the same way بنفس الطريقة
be influenced by يتأثر بـ
make up songs يؤلف أغاني
get through their work ينجزون عملهم
sing babies to sleep يغني للأطفال لكي يناموا
write down music يُدون الموسيقي
vary from place to place يختلف من مكان إلي مكان
evolve into يتطور إلي
listen to music يستمع للموسيقي
with this in mind واضعا ذلك في الاعتبار
it is our responsibility to إنها مسئوليتنا أن
use music for a purpose يستخدم الموسيقي لغرض
the main benefits of الفوائد الرئيسية لـ
look with envy at ينظر بحسد إلي
in relation to بالنسبة إلي
distinct from متميز عن
give out يوزع
be carved out of يكون منحوتا من
access to الحق في دخول أو استخدام أو الحصول علي شيء
throughout the world في أنحاء العالم
pass from … to ينتقل من..إلي..
cheer up يبتهج
walk past يمر من أمام..
train for the race يتدرب من أجل السباق
at lunchtime في وقت الغداء
come up to the surface يصعد الي السطح
take responsibility for يتحمل المسئولية عن
be made up of يتكون من
occupy a volume of يشغل حجما قدره
Irregular Verbs أفعال شاذة
withstand/withstood/ withstood يتحمل
repay/repaid/repaid يسدد
pay/paid/paid يدفع
rewrite/rewrote/ rewritten يعيد كتابة
put/put/put يضع
ride/rode/ridden يركب
read/read/read يقرأ
ring/rang/rung يرن
rebuild/rebuilt/rebuilt يعيد بناء
say/said/said يقول
Words that go together كلمات متوافقة
score a goal يسجل هدف
achieve a goal يحقق هدف (في الحياة)
make a loud noise يحُدث ضوضاء عالية
get together يتقابل / يجتمع
irresponsible behaviour سلوك غير مسئول
a distinctive style أسلوب متميز
a historical play مسرحية تاريخية
mark the beginning of يُمثل بداية ..
music therapy العلاج بالموسيقي
play an instrument يعزف علي آلة (موسيقية)
fall asleep يغلبه النوم
develop new techniques يُطور أساليب جديدة
a regular supply إمداد منتظم
make time يوفر وقت لعمل شيء
information technology تكنولوجيا المعلومات)
high yield crops محاصيل ذات إنتاجية عاليى
decreasing amount كمية متناقصة
usable land أرض صالحة للاستخدام
air transport النقل الجوي
marine transport النقل البحري
river bed قاع النهر
mental age العمر العقلي
birth rate معدل المواليد
death rate معدل الوفيات
family planning تنظيم الأسرة
population explosion الانفجار السكاني
at the appointed time في الوقت المحدد
at the present time في الوقت الحالي
Read the following passage carefully:
Folk music
In the same way that cultures have their own festivals, they also have their own traditional folk music: a particular style of music that uses different instruments.
Unlike other kinds of music, folk music usually develops in local communities. Even in one country, different areas, cities and villages often have their own distinctive styles. For example, the traditional music of Cairo is different from the music of other parts of Egypt. Distinctive styles developed because, in the past, most people were born and lived their lives in one village or one small area. Music was individual, not influenced by music from other areas.
Today, most modern music is written as entertainment. Most folk music, however, has a special purpose. Folk songs, for example, were made up to describe important historical events, to help people get through their day's work, or to sing babies to sleep. Until recent times, folk music was not written down. Children learnt it from their families, friends or neighbours.
The musical instruments used in folk also vary from place to place. The people of Upper Egypt, for example, often play the rababah, an instrument like a violin; the simsimiyya is the instrument of the Suez area. The oud is common in the folk music of Cairo. Once, it was taken to Europe, where it evolved into a number of modern Instruments.
Today, travel and modern technology have made it possible for anyone to listen to music not just from other areas, but from other cultures around the world. Because of this, distinctive folk music could disappear in future. With this in mind, it is our responsibility to do everything we can to protect the traditional music of our countries, our regions and our communities.
Definitions
celebrate = to do something special because it is a special occasion, or because something good has happened
drum (n) = a round musical instrument which you play by hitting it with your hand or a stick
fireworks = small objects that explode or bum with a coloured light, used for celebrating special events
landmark = something that helps you recognise where you are, such as a famous building
mark (v) = to show that something is happening, especially an important event or change
position (n) = the place where someone or something is in relation to other things
procession = a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony
distinctive = showing a person or thing to be different from others
event = something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual•
evolve = to develop or make something develop gradually
folk = traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area
responsibility = if something is your responsibility, it is your duty to make sure that it is done
vary = if things of the same type vary, they are all different from each other
Language Notes ملاحظات لفوية
قبل أسماء الفصول يمكن استخدام أو عدم استخدام
the:
It usually snows here in (the) winter.
Snow (الثلج (قطرات الماء المتجمدة التي تسقط من السماء
Ice ( الثلج أو الجليد (الماء عندما يتجمد ويصبح ثلجا
Outside the snow began to fall.
Would you like ice in your juice?
except (for) فيما عدا / باستثناء
Everyone went to the show except for Scott .
= Scott was the only one who didn’t go to the show.
ملاحظات علي استخدام
except / except for :
1- نستخدم except فقط قبل حروف الجر وأدوات الربط:
It's the same everywhere except in Scotland.
He's good-looking except when he smiles.
2- يستخدم الاسم أو ضمير المفعول بعد
except / except for :
Everybody understands except me.
We are all ready except for her.
3- لاحظ أن
except that يأتي بعدها جملة:
I know nothing about him except that he lives in Cairo.
Accept + n يقبل accept an invitation / an apology اعتذار / a present / a bribe رشوة
Expect to + inf. يتوقع
Expect … will
He accepted my invitation to the party.
She expects to find a good job soon.
I expect that she will pass the test.
differ (from) يختلف differ about / on / over يختلف بشأن
differentiate between … and … يميز الفرق / يبين الاختلاف
differentiate … from … يميز الفرق / يبين الاختلاف
People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.
The two lawyers differed about how to present the case.
It's important to differentiate between fact and opinion.
Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others.
musician عازف composer مُلحن
He is a talented young musician
My favourite composer is Beethoven.
تُستخدم even للدلالة علي شيء غير متوقع:
Most companies have suffered a drop in their profits, even very large companies.
It was quite difficult to see, even with the light on.
تُستخدم even مع الصفات في حالة المقارنة:
This will make our job even more difficult.
queue طابور من الناس - بغرض الحصول علي شيء
line ( queue صف (من الناس أو الأشياء ويمكن أيضا أن تستخدم بنفس معني
row صف من الناس أو الأشياء
There was a queue of people waiting for the bus.
There was a long queue to get into the cinema.
I looked in despair at the long line in front of the ticket office.
There was a line of trees on either side of the road.
The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher.
The children were asked to stand in a row.
Have something (nothing / a lot) to do with له أو ليس له علاقة بـ
His job has nothing to do with telephones.
I don't know what he does exactly, but I know it has something to do with computers
It + be something (nothing) to do with له أو ليس له علاقة بـ
My job is/has nothing to do with teaching.
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1. (Fieldwork – Framework – Teamwork – Fireworks) can be very dangerous, so they shouldn't be given to young children.
2. We scored a goal because the other team's goalkeeper was in the wrong (position – perfection – prevention – promotion).
3. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is one of the world's most famous (landmines – landmarks – landslides – landlords).
4. Forty members of our family got together to (accelerate – collaborate - celebrate – concentrate) my grandfather's birthday.
5. If you hit them hard, (drums – violins – pianos – guitars) make a very loud noise.
6. A (succession – recession – procession – commission) of about twenty thousand people moved slowly towards the king's palace.
7. New Year (communications - celebrations – confessions – depressions) in Scotland go on for three days.
8. Van Gogh, perhaps Holland's most (calculated – cancelled - celebrated – captured) artist, died in poverty.
9. He became a sporting (celebrity – ability – activity – capability) after winning the gold medal.
10. A (dreamer – hammer – mourner - drummer) is someone who plays drums.
11. The object you hit a drum with is called a (drumbeat – drum machine – drum set – drumstick).
12. A (position – composition – preposition – supposition) is the place where someone or something is in relation to other things.
13. (Steelworks – Masterworks – Networks - Fireworks) are small objects that explode or bum with a coloured light, used for celebrating special events.
14. A (line – row - procession – queue) is a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony.
15. To (donate – celebrate – volunteer - develop) means to do something special because it is a special occasion, or because something good has happened.
16. A/an (drum – accordion – piano - guitar) is a round musical instrument which you play by hitting it with your hand or a stick.
17. A (landmark – landfill – landlady - landscape) is something that helps you recognise where you are, such as a famous building.
18. To (start – make – mark - bring) is to show that something is happening, especially an important event or change.
19. If things of the same type (agree – vary – meet – demand), they are all different from each other
20. A/An (accident – condition – circumstance - event) is something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual.
21. If something is your (responsibility – rapidity – reliability – relativity), it is your duty to make sure that it is done.
22. (Yolk – Folk – Walk - Chalk) means traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area.
23. To (revolve – involve – revolt - evolve) means to develop or make something develop gradually.
24. Young people are (adaptable – responsible – adjustable - admirable) for protecting their country's folk music.
25. I don't understand the (deduction – direction – distinction - dissection) between who and which.
26. You can buy this shirt in (various – venomous – victorious – suspicious) colours.
27. The (evolution – pollution – resolution - distribution) of the internet has taken place over the last twenty years.
28. Our local university offers a (velocity – variety – viscosity – vicinity) of language courses.
29. It is (advisable – desirable – admirable - irresponsible) to drive dangerously especially in towns or cities.
30. The concert was a charitable (accident – condition - event – revenge) to collect money for the poor.
31. The guitar is a musical (machine – device – instrument – technique).
32. Whatever you think of Eliot's poetry, it's certainly (distinctive – addictive – additive – attentive).
33. His opinion was supported by (historian – hysterical – historical – historic) facts.
34. It was highly (irresistible – irritable – repairable – irresponsible) of him to leave the children on their own in the pool.
35. The Chinese New Year (festival – capital – classical – funeral) takes place between the 21st of January and the 19th of February.
36. Nearly all cultures celebrate a good (contest – harvest – forest - first) because it means that they will have food for the next year.
37. Sham El-Nessim is a festival that (makes – merges – marks – parks) the beginning of spring.
38. Folk music usually develops in (international – global – coastal – local) communities.
39. Folk music is a particular (style – function – bunch – quantity) of music that uses different instruments.
40. If you want to be a poet, you must (dissolve – revolve – solve – evolve) your own style of writing.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Different areas have distorted styles of folk music.
2- In the past, most people born and lived their lives in one small area.
3- In the past, music was indivisible, not influenced by music from other areas.
4- Today, most modern music is written as enrolment.
5- Folk music uses different musical installments.
6- Most folk music has a special propose.
7- Composers are skilled in playing music, usually as a job.
8- Today, we can listen to music from other captures around the world.
9- It is our immobility to do everything we can to protect the traditional music of our country.
10- Mothers sometimes use folk songs to sing their fathers to sleep.
11- With this aim in brain, the school uses modern technology to facilitate learning.
12- Children teach folk music from their families, friends or neighbours.
13- His views different considerably from those of his parents.
14- I accept he will get the job. I know he is very clever.
15- How do you usually cellophane New Year?
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