Grammar unit 13 Ralative Clauses

Relative Pronouns " Ralative Clauses "   ضمائر الوصل

who للفاعل والمفعول العاقل
whom  للمفعول العاقل
which  للفاعل والمفعول الغير عاقل
that  تحل محل الأدوات السابقة
whose  للملكية
when  للزمن
where  للمكان

Who
1- The man is very kind.  He works in this office.
The man who works in this office is very kind .  لا يجوز حذف الأداة فى حالة الفاعل
The man that works in this office is very kind .
The man working in this office is very kind .    ing يمكن حذف الأداة فى حالة الفاعل ونضع الفعل فى    

Whom
2- The man is very kind. I met him in this office .
The man who I met In this office is very kind .
The man whom I met In this office is very kind .
The man that I met In this office is very kind .
The man I met In this office is very kind .   يجوز حذف الأداة فى حالة المفعول

Which
3- This is the office . He works in this office.
This is the office which he works in .
This is the office that he works in .
This is the office he works in .    يجوز حذف الأداة فى حالة المفعول
This is the office in which he works .    حرف الجر يسبق الأداة
This is the office where he works .     where     يحذف حرف الجر فى وجود
 

The day was remembered for long. They met on it.
The day which they met on was remembered for long.
The day on which they met was remembered for long.
The day when they met was remembered for long.   when   يحذف حرف الجر فى وجود

Whose
4- The writer was very happy . His book was published last week .
The man whose book was published last week was very happy .     that   لاتحل محلها

هناك نوعان من عبارات الوصل ،  النوع الأول يعطي معلومة أساسية عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ولا نستخدم فيها  comma
The company sells computer . He works for this company .
The company which / that he works for sells computer.
The company for which he works sells computer .

والنوع الثاني لا تقدم عبارة الوصل معلومة هامة عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ولا بد من إستخدام
comma
Mr. Gamal , who is 40 years old, is a famous politician.
The company, which is in Cairo, employed 200 people.

لاحظ استخدام
that 
بعد صفات التفضيل للإشارة إلي غير العاقل
This is the best book that I have ever read.
وفي حالة وجود عاقل مع صفات التفضيل يمكن أن نستخدم
that  أو  who
This is the best book that I have ever read.
He was the best king that / who ever sat on the throne.

لاحظ التالى
What = the thing that / the things that
The things that we saw astonished us. = What we saw astonished us.
The thing that annoys him is that his friend always comes late.
    = What annoys him is that his friend always comes late.

The first / second/last/only
Ali was the first student who arrived at school.
   = Ali was the first student to arrive at school.
He was the last man who left the ship.
   = He was the last man to leave the ship.

لاحظ تركيب الجمل التالية
It + is / was +  اسم + who / that …
It + is / was  + اسم  + which / that …
It was Peter who broke the window.
It was the bus that delayed us.

The book was made into a film. It was written 20 years ago.
   The book which was written 20 years ago was made into a film.
   The book written 20 years ago was made into a film. لاحظ حذف الأداة والإكتفاء بالتصريف الثالث فى حالة إسم المفعول " المبنى للمجهول "

 The man is very kind.  He works in this office.
 The man who works in this office is very kind.
 The man working in this office is very kind.   فى حالة إسم الفاعل ving  لاحظ حذف الأداة وإستخدام   

The book is about famous writers. It is on the second shelf.
   The book (which is) on the second shelf is about famous writers. إذا كان بعده حرف جر يمكن حذف الأداة

John Smith was interviewed on TV. He is a famous runner.
John Smith, (who is) a famous runner, was interviewed on TV.
John Smith, the famous runner , was interviewed on TV. إذا كان بعده إسم أو إسم موصوف