Part two
Present Simple and present continuous - Active and Passive
Present Simple
يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث متكرر أو عادة
يتكون من التصريف الأول للفعل
Scientists do experiments in laboratories.
Insects harm crops.
I always have dinner early .
يستخدم للتعبير عن حقيقة
Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C.
The sun rises in the east.
عادة يضاف للفعل
s/es/ies مع
he / she / it أو أى فاعل أو إسم مفرد
visit visits
watch watches
deny denies
تستخدم الظروف الدالة علي التكرار (adverbs of frequency)
To Be قبل كل الأفعال ولكن بعد
never
rarely = seldom
often
sometimes = occasionally
often= frequently
usually
always
I always brush my teeth before I go to bed.
She often plays the piano well.
الظروف الدالة علي الزمن تأتي إما في بداية الجملة أو نهايتها
We play tennis every Friday.
Every Friday we play tennis.
و يمكن أن يستخدم المضارع البسيط مع الظروف الدالة علي الزمن و الكلمات الآتية
ever , generally , nowadays , on Mondays / on Tuesdays
twice a year , every week / day / year / summer
am / is / are + PP. المضارع البسيط في صيغة المبنى للمجهول
Somebody cleans this room every day.
This room is cleaned every day.
لاحظ صياغة الأسئلة التالية في المضارع البسيط
Where do you come from?
Which country do you come from? للسؤال عن الجنسية
I come from England/ Italy
What's your nationality? جنسية
I'm English/ Italian.
What do you do? = What's your job?
= What do you do for a living? للسؤال عن الوظيفة
I'm a teacher.
Where do you live? = What's your address?
15 Lincoln Street, New York.
Time conjunctions الروابط الزمنية
يستخدم المضارع البسيط (أو المضارع التام) بعد الروابط الآتية والفعل الثاني يكون مستقبل أو صيغة طلب أو أمر
After / Before / When / As soon as / the moment / till / until + مضارع بسيط أو مضارع تام
والجملة الثانية تكون فى المستقبل أو الطلب والأمر
After I write the letter, I’ll go out.
Before he goes to bed, he will have dinner.
As soon as she has received the fax, she will travel to Rangoon.
We’ll leave the moment we get the car fixed.
She won’t go to the bank until she gets the cheque..
• First he will finish his homework . Then he will use the computer. (After/Before/until)
After he finishes his homework , he will use the computer.
Before he uses the computer, he will finish his homework.
He won’t use the computer until he finishes his homework.
لاحظ أنه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر بدلا من المستقبل البسيط
After you finish your work, call me. Before you go to bed, turn off the lights.
Present Continuous Tense
يتكون من
Am/ is / are + v. +ing
والكلمات الدالة عليه هى
now / at the moment / at present وأفعال التنبيه look! / Listen!
She is playing the piano now.
I am writing a report at the moment.
Look! The man is running after the bus.
لاحظ عدم استخدام هذه الأفعال ( أفعال الحس والشعور والإدراك ) في الأزمنة المستمرة
love يحب like يحب hate يكره prefer يفضل
want يريد need يحتاج deserve يستحق suppose يفترض
mean يعنى understand يفهم believe يصدق remember يتذكر
contain يحتوى consist يتكون know يعرف belong يخص
see يرى hear يسمع smell يشم taste يكون لها مذاق
recognize يتعرف على realize يدرك surprise يفاجئ astonish يدهش
seem يبدو possess يمتلك own يمتلك depend يعتمد
concern يهم/يتعلق matter يهم lack ينقص owe يدين
weigh يزن measure يقيس agree يوافق be يكون
think يعتقد Notice يلاحظ forgive يسامح have يملك
بعض الأفعال السابقة لها معني آخر مختلف واذا جاءت في الجملة بهذا المعني ، يمكن استخدامها في المضارع المستمر
I'm thinking of going out tonight.
She is seeing her doctor this afternoon.
They are having lunch at the moment.
She is tasting the soup to see if it is ready.
am / is / are + being + PP. المضارع المستمر في صيغة المبنى للمجهول
Somebody is cleaning the room.
The room is being cleaned.
What's your nationality? جنسية
I'm English/ Italian.
What do you do? = What's your job?
= What do you do for a living? للسؤال عن الوظيفة
I'm a teacher.
Where do you live? = What's your address?
15 Lincoln Street, New York.
Time conjunctions الروابط الزمنية
يستخدم المضارع البسيط (أو المضارع التام) بعد الروابط الآتية والفعل الثاني يكون مستقبل أو صيغة طلب أو أمر
After / Before / When / As soon as / the moment / till / until + مضارع بسيط أو مضارع تام
والجملة الثانية تكون فى المستقبل أو الطلب والأمر
After I write the letter, I’ll go out.
Before he goes to bed, he will have dinner.
As soon as she has received the fax, she will travel to Rangoon.
We’ll leave the moment we get the car fixed.
She won’t go to the bank until she gets the cheque..
• First he will finish his homework . Then he will use the computer. (After/Before/until)
After he finishes his homework , he will use the computer.
Before he uses the computer, he will finish his homework.
He won’t use the computer until he finishes his homework.
لاحظ أنه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر بدلا من المستقبل البسيط
After you finish your work, call me. Before you go to bed, turn off the lights.
Present Continuous Tense
يتكون من
Am/ is / are + v. +ing
والكلمات الدالة عليه هى
now / at the moment / at present وأفعال التنبيه look! / Listen!
She is playing the piano now.
I am writing a report at the moment.
Look! The man is running after the bus.
لاحظ عدم استخدام هذه الأفعال ( أفعال الحس والشعور والإدراك ) في الأزمنة المستمرة
love يحب like يحب hate يكره prefer يفضل
want يريد need يحتاج deserve يستحق suppose يفترض
mean يعنى understand يفهم believe يصدق remember يتذكر
contain يحتوى consist يتكون know يعرف belong يخص
see يرى hear يسمع smell يشم taste يكون لها مذاق
recognize يتعرف على realize يدرك surprise يفاجئ astonish يدهش
seem يبدو possess يمتلك own يمتلك depend يعتمد
concern يهم/يتعلق matter يهم lack ينقص owe يدين
weigh يزن measure يقيس agree يوافق be يكون
think يعتقد Notice يلاحظ forgive يسامح have يملك
بعض الأفعال السابقة لها معني آخر مختلف واذا جاءت في الجملة بهذا المعني ، يمكن استخدامها في المضارع المستمر
I'm thinking of going out tonight.
She is seeing her doctor this afternoon.
They are having lunch at the moment.
She is tasting the soup to see if it is ready.
am / is / are + being + PP. المضارع المستمر في صيغة المبنى للمجهول
Somebody is cleaning the room.
The room is being cleaned.
e لاحظ حذف حرف
قبل إضافة ing
invite inviting , write writing
ing الأفعال ذات المقطع الواحد وتنتهي بحرف ساكن يسبقه متحرك نُضاعف فيها الحرف الأخير قبل إضافة
hit hitting , sit sitting , dig digging , run running
They are digging a well at the moment.
ing ولاحظ أيضا مضاعفة الحرف الأخير في الأفعال الآتية قبل إضافة
prefer preferring , refer referring , begin beginning
قبل إضافة ing
invite inviting , write writing
ing الأفعال ذات المقطع الواحد وتنتهي بحرف ساكن يسبقه متحرك نُضاعف فيها الحرف الأخير قبل إضافة
hit hitting , sit sitting , dig digging , run running
They are digging a well at the moment.
ing ولاحظ أيضا مضاعفة الحرف الأخير في الأفعال الآتية قبل إضافة
prefer preferring , refer referring , begin beginning
Exercises on Grammar unit 3
Choose the correct answer:
1- In many countries, the wind (use – uses – is using – is used) to generate electricity.
2- Scientists (want – wants – are wanting – are being wanted) to find more forms of renewable energy.
3- Huge amounts of electricity (is produced – produce – are produced – are producing) in nuclear power stations.
4- Holes (drill – is drilled – will drill – are drilled) into the earth to find hot water.
5- In some cities, rubbish (burn – burns – is burnt – is burring) to produce electricity.
6- Water (heat – is heated – are heated – is heating) to turn it into steam.
7- The steam (is piped – pipes – is piping – are piped) to a power station.
8- Electricity (produces – is producing – is produced – produce) from the water in the power station.
9- Electricity is sometimes (to make – making – makes – made) from wind turbines.
10- In many parts of the world, wood (burns – is burnt – is burning – to burn) to heat people's homes.
11- Plants and trees (are used – are using – will be using – use) for different purpose.
12- She often (is working – works – was working – work) at the weekend.
13- We (use – are used – will be used – is used) palm trees to produce vegetable oil.
14- Sugar cane is (grow – growing – to grow – grown) and used to make fuel for cars and other vehicles.
15- We (are used – use – using – to use) different types of energy in Egypt today.
Choose the correct answer:
1- In many countries, the wind (use – uses – is using – is used) to generate electricity.
2- Scientists (want – wants – are wanting – are being wanted) to find more forms of renewable energy.
3- Huge amounts of electricity (is produced – produce – are produced – are producing) in nuclear power stations.
4- Holes (drill – is drilled – will drill – are drilled) into the earth to find hot water.
5- In some cities, rubbish (burn – burns – is burnt – is burring) to produce electricity.
6- Water (heat – is heated – are heated – is heating) to turn it into steam.
7- The steam (is piped – pipes – is piping – are piped) to a power station.
8- Electricity (produces – is producing – is produced – produce) from the water in the power station.
9- Electricity is sometimes (to make – making – makes – made) from wind turbines.
10- In many parts of the world, wood (burns – is burnt – is burning – to burn) to heat people's homes.
11- Plants and trees (are used – are using – will be using – use) for different purpose.
12- She often (is working – works – was working – work) at the weekend.
13- We (use – are used – will be used – is used) palm trees to produce vegetable oil.
14- Sugar cane is (grow – growing – to grow – grown) and used to make fuel for cars and other vehicles.
15- We (are used – use – using – to use) different types of energy in Egypt today.
16- He (talks – is talked – is talking – was talking) to the boss right now.
17- As soon as he (finish – finished – finishes – to finish) doing the job, he will see a movie.
18- She (won't leave – didn't leave – wouldn't have left – not leaves) until she receives a phone call.
19- Be quiet! I (listen – have listened – was listened – am listening) to the news.
20- He (is seeming – seem – seems – was seeming) very happy now.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- I'm thinking he is English.
2- Water is boiling at 100 °C.
3- He can't speak to you just now. He has a shower.
4- Is this watch belonging to Ahmed?
5- Oil finds far beneath the earth.
6- Are you wanting to speak to him now?
7- How often is she going to the club?
8- What is your father doing? –He's an engineer.
9- Wood uses to make paper.
10- My office cleans every day.
11- Where is he coming from? – England.
12- I am owing him 50 pounds. I'll pay it back next week.
13- This place rarely visits by anyone.
14- Things aren't always what they are appeared to be.
15- When she is meeting him, she will tell him the truth.
17- As soon as he (finish – finished – finishes – to finish) doing the job, he will see a movie.
18- She (won't leave – didn't leave – wouldn't have left – not leaves) until she receives a phone call.
19- Be quiet! I (listen – have listened – was listened – am listening) to the news.
20- He (is seeming – seem – seems – was seeming) very happy now.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- I'm thinking he is English.
2- Water is boiling at 100 °C.
3- He can't speak to you just now. He has a shower.
4- Is this watch belonging to Ahmed?
5- Oil finds far beneath the earth.
6- Are you wanting to speak to him now?
7- How often is she going to the club?
8- What is your father doing? –He's an engineer.
9- Wood uses to make paper.
10- My office cleans every day.
11- Where is he coming from? – England.
12- I am owing him 50 pounds. I'll pay it back next week.
13- This place rarely visits by anyone.
14- Things aren't always what they are appeared to be.
15- When she is meeting him, she will tell him the truth.
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