UNIT 2 - The Prisoner of Zenda
Vocabulary and Language notes
Read the following passage carefully:
The prisoner of Zenda
The story takes place in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, is the cousin of Rudolf Elphberg, who is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional country in central Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to attend the coronation of his cousin, who he has not met before. Soon after he arrives, he is walking through a forest where he meets the future king. The two men are surprised to discover that they are so alike : they are almost identical twins . The cousins talk excitedly about the coronation.
However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and locked in the castle in the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the next king of the country, he is popular with some of the people of Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the next king himself.
Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin's place Because the two men look so alike, nobody realizes what is happening and the coronation takes place as planned . While Rudolf Elphberg remains in the castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the king and spends time with his cousin’s friends. At the same time, he realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever . He decides to rescue ينقذ Rudolf Elphberg.
The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to his friends and leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has really happened.
معانى كلمات القطعة بالترتيب
takes place تحدث
wealthy ثرى
is about to على وشك
fictional خيالى
attend يحضر
coronation تتويج
alike متشابهان
identical twins توأمان متطابقان
is kidnapped خُطف
locked حُبس
the castle القلعة
the right الحق
popular محبوب
solves يحل
taking his cousin's place يحل محل إبن عمه
realizes يدرك
as planned كما خُطط له
remains يمكث - يبقى
forever للأبد
finally فى النهاية
says goodbye يودع
find out يكتشفوا
really happened حقيقة ماحدث
Definitions تعريفات
من المهم دراسة معانى الكلمات باللغة الإنجليزية
classics = the study of the language, literature and history of ancient Greece and Rome
دراسة الأدب اليوناني والروماني القديم
couple = two people who are married or have a romantic relationship زوجان - اثنان
debate (n) = an organised discussion on an important subject مناقشة - مناظرة
escapism = entertainment or activity that helps you to forget about your work or worries and think of something more enjoyable الهروب من الواقع
fictional = not real, invented by a writer خيالى
publication = when a book is printed and available to buy النشر
well-educated = having had a good education أُحسن تعليمه
alike (adj.) = almost exactly the same; similar متشابه
attend = to go to a meeting, school, church, etc. يحضر
castle = a very large strong building built in the past to protect the people inside from attack قلعة
coronation = a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king or queen التتويج
(have) the right to do something = legally قانونا or morally أخلاقيا allowed to do something له الحق فى فعل
occasion = an important event or ceremony مناسبة
wealthy = rich = having a lot of money, land or valuable possessions, especially when you or your family have owned them for a long time. ثرى
Comments and Language Notes تعليقات وملحوظات لغوية
* Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped خُطف by his younger brother Michael ( passive )
هذه الجملة مبنية للمجهول , لاحظ كيف نحولها إلى مبنى للمعلوم
Rudolf Elphberg's younger brother Michael kidnaps him . ( active )
** Although Michael does not have the right الحق to be the next king of the country, he is popular محبوب with some of the people of Ruritania. ( although يأتى بعدها جملة كاملة )
أنظر كيف نحولها بعد تغيير الأداة إلى
Despite
والتى يأتى بعدها إما
noun or v+ing
** Despite not having the right الحق to be the next king of the country, he is popular محبوب with some of the people of Ruritania.
pp. التصريف الثالث after بعد as
هو إختصار لجملة كانت مبنية للمجهول
as + PP.
The coronation takes place as planned.
= The coronation takes place as it has been planned.
إذا وجد الفاعل نضع الجملة كاملة
takes place = happen = occur يحدث
take (someone's place = replace يحل محل - يستبدل
لاحظ استخدام
take + someone + a period of time فترة من الوقت + to inf.
ومعناها : يأخذ فترة معينة لكى يفعل شئ
The Prisoner of Zenda took Hope a few months to write.
How long does it take you to do this job?
It takes me two hours to do this job .
century = 100 years قرن
millennium = 1000 years ألفية
decade = 10 years عقد
In the 1980s = from 1980 to 1989
decide = make a decision = make up (someone) mind يقرر
spend time يقضى وقتا
spend money ينفق مالا
remain يظل أو يبقى
remains بقايا food remains بقايا الطعام
ancient remains الآثار القديمة
rescue = save ينقذ
save يدخر – يوفر – ينقذ save money
find out = discover يكتشف / شئ موجود أصلا
هناك إختلاف بين
discover and invent
invent يخترع / شئ جديد
Graham Bell invented the telephone.
Columbus discovered America.
What ......( be ) like
كيف شكل- كيف تبدو
What was life like in the past?
She looked in the mirror to see what the new dress was like.
What is the weather like today?
Hear يسمع
hear of = know about يعرف عن
hear from = receive يتلقي أخبارا من سواء عن طريق خطاب أو رسالة أو مكالمة
Have you ever heard of William Shakespeare?
I'm looking forward to hearing from my friend.
لاحظ الإختلاف بين
as and like
He works as a teacher. تعنى المهنة الحقيقية
He works like a teacher. تعنى أنها ليست مهنته إنما تشبه عمل المدرس
He trained as a doctor. تدرب على عمل الطبيب كمهنة
die فعل (v) يموت - dead صفة (adj.) ميت
death إسم (n) الموت - deadly صفة (adj.) مميت
She died of a heart attack.
The man was dead on arrival at the hospital.
We all believe in life after death.
This is a deadly weapon.
be alike متشابه = look alike يبدو متشابه
be like مثل - يشبه
like (v) يحب / يعجب
look like يشبه
unlike علي عكس
The two brothers are very alike.
She is not like her sister. = She is different from her sister.
= She does not look like her sister.
He likes ice cream very much.
She looks like her mother.
Unlike his brother, he was very friendly.
couple زوج وزوجة أو اثنان من نوع واحد
a couple of books = two books
a couple of people = two persons
The couple were married in 1997.
pair زوج - شيء واحد مكون من جزأين
She bought a pair of brown shoes.
double ضعف - العدد أو الكمية
We need double the amount we already have.
be based on مبنى على أو قائم على
be based in مكان أو موقع معين
His novel was based on real life.
The company is based in New York.
politics السياسة للدولة أو نظام الحكم
policy مبدأ أو قاعدة تخص الفرد أو العمل
He was interested in politics and was a good speaker.
Honesty is the best policy.
Kidnap يخطف شخص
hijack يختطف سفينة أو طائرة
snatch يخطف شيء من شخص
The businessmen has been kidnapped by terrorists.
The plane was hijacked by two armed men.
She snatched the gun from his hand.
hero بطل قصة أو شخص قام بعمل عظيم
champion بطل رياضي
The hero of the novel is a little boy .
He is the world basketball champion.
Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions:
listen to يستمع الى
forget about ينسى عن
well-known for مشهور بـ
tell about يتحدث/ يحكى عن
interested in مهتم بـ
pay for يدفع ثمن
write … for يكتب .... لـ
go on a tour يذهب فى جولة
come back يعود
It made him money دَرَت عليه المال
prevent from يمنع من
escape from يهرب من
walk through يسير عبر
on the night before فى الليلة الماضية
have the right to لديه الحق فى
popular with محبوب من / شائع لدى
at the coronation فى حفل التتويج
look alike يبدو متشابه
say goodbye to يودع
free ….. from يخلص (يحرر) ... من
be put in prison يوضع فى السجن
fall off his horse يسقط من على حصانه
make regular visits يقوم بزيارات منتظمة
belong toيخص / ينتمى الى
stop ….. from يمنع .... من
break in يقتحم
know nothing of لا يعرف شيئا عن
look in astonishment ينظر فى دهشة
at the same time فى نفس الوقت
not in the least كلا ، على الاطلاق
an expert in خبير فى
work as يعمل كـ
protect from يحمى من
ready for جاهز لـ
Words that go together:
heroic deeds أعمال بطولية
public debate مناظرة أو مناقشة عامة
hold a debate يعقد مناظرة
attend a meeting يُحضر اجتماع
attend a conference يَحضر مؤتمر
A historic occasion مناسبة تاريخية
heroic efforts جهود خارقة
have much success in يلاقي نجاحا كبيرا في
take preventive measures يتخذ إجراءات وقائية
the public opinion الرأي العام
public library مكتبة عامة
double efforts يُضاعف الجهود
compulsory education التعليم الإلزامي
the vast majority الغالبية العظمي
classical music الموسيقي الكلاسيكية
news coverage تغطية إخبارية
news headlines عناوين الأخبار
Exercises
A- Choose the correct answer :
1- He doesn't have the right (with-in-of-to) vote in the coming elections.
2- After finishing school , he went to Oxford University(when-which-where-who) he studied classics.
3- The ( colonial- organization- coronation- permission) of Queen Elizabeth took place in 1952.
4- Escapism is a kind of ( information- entertainment- discussion- fight) that helps people to forget their worries.
5- My brother is very well (learnt – educated – civilized – punished). He went to Cairo University and then Oxford .
6- We are having a (disagreement – conflict - debate – negotiation) at school next week about ways of reducing global warming.
7- For some people, reading and watching films are forms of (socialism – ecotourism – extremism – escapism).
8- In the past, many English children studied (classics – ceramics – clinics – cosmetics) at school. Now most schools teach modern languages.
9- Oliver Twist is the fictional (champion - hero – leader – loser) of one of Charles Dickens' most famous novels.
10- The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for (application – classification - publication – clarification) a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea.
11- In Britain, children (attend – intend – tend – pretend) primary school between the ages of 5 and 11.
12- Some twins are more (like – liken – alight – alike) than others.
13- A (double – pair – two – couple) of people objected to the proposal, but the vast majority approved of it.
14- They had been (delaying – defeating – debating – applying) for several hours without reaching a conclusion.
15- All the characters in this film are (fictional – intentional – additional – conventional)). They are not real.
16- They met on several (chance - occasions – opportunity - day) to discuss the issue.
17-The story takes (space – part – place – the place) in 19th century Europe.
18- He was (looked – lacked – licked – locked) in the castle at Zenda.
19- It's important to protect your skin (of – with - from – at) the harmful effects of the sun.
20- She's going to study (classics – classic – classical – classification) at university.
21- Ali and Lamya are a nice (double – pair – couple – two). Let's invite them to dinner.
22- Prices have (coupled – doubled – paired – crippled) in the last few years.
23- There was a long (talking – debate – speaking - beating) on TV about elections.
24- They (dropped – sent – gave – kidnapped) the boy and demanded a big ransom.
25- The Egyptian monuments are very popular (of – to – with – on) tourists.
26- He's and his father are very much (like – alike – look like – liken) .
27- They met at the club as (agreeing – to agree – agreed – agreement).
28- (Capitalism – Colonialism – Globalism – Escapism) is a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries.
29- (Physics – Economics – Classics – Statistics) is the study of the language and literature of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
30- (Coronation – Corruption – Collection – Communication) is a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king or queen.
31 The new building of the company is based (in – on – at - onto ) New York.
32- I'm looking forward to hearing ( of – about - from – off ) my friend.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Over two thousand people pretended the meeting.
2- The communication of the king took place in the royal palace.
3- These two sisters are so like.
4- Statistics is the study of the language and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
5- If I were wealth, I’d help poor people.
6- It took him half an hour typing the report.
7- She went to London a pair of years ago.
8- Anthony Hope’s first novel did him a lot of money.
9- Escape a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries.
10- All the characters in this film are intentional. They are not real.
11- A defeat is formal, organised discussion.
12- The gang hijacked the boy and asked for a lot of money to let him go.
13- Can you tell me what the thief was alike?
14- The opening of the new school was a great occasional.
15- The concert takes part next Thursday.
16- The manager couldn’t pretend the meeting.
17- The communication of the king took place in the royal palace.
18- The gang hijacked the boy and asked for a lot of money to let him go.
1- He doesn't have the right (with-in-of-to) vote in the coming elections.
2- After finishing school , he went to Oxford University(when-which-where-who) he studied classics.
3- The ( colonial- organization- coronation- permission) of Queen Elizabeth took place in 1952.
4- Escapism is a kind of ( information- entertainment- discussion- fight) that helps people to forget their worries.
5- My brother is very well (learnt – educated – civilized – punished). He went to Cairo University and then Oxford .
6- We are having a (disagreement – conflict - debate – negotiation) at school next week about ways of reducing global warming.
7- For some people, reading and watching films are forms of (socialism – ecotourism – extremism – escapism).
8- In the past, many English children studied (classics – ceramics – clinics – cosmetics) at school. Now most schools teach modern languages.
9- Oliver Twist is the fictional (champion - hero – leader – loser) of one of Charles Dickens' most famous novels.
10- The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for (application – classification - publication – clarification) a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea.
11- In Britain, children (attend – intend – tend – pretend) primary school between the ages of 5 and 11.
12- Some twins are more (like – liken – alight – alike) than others.
13- A (double – pair – two – couple) of people objected to the proposal, but the vast majority approved of it.
14- They had been (delaying – defeating – debating – applying) for several hours without reaching a conclusion.
15- All the characters in this film are (fictional – intentional – additional – conventional)). They are not real.
16- They met on several (chance - occasions – opportunity - day) to discuss the issue.
17-The story takes (space – part – place – the place) in 19th century Europe.
18- He was (looked – lacked – licked – locked) in the castle at Zenda.
19- It's important to protect your skin (of – with - from – at) the harmful effects of the sun.
20- She's going to study (classics – classic – classical – classification) at university.
21- Ali and Lamya are a nice (double – pair – couple – two). Let's invite them to dinner.
22- Prices have (coupled – doubled – paired – crippled) in the last few years.
23- There was a long (talking – debate – speaking - beating) on TV about elections.
24- They (dropped – sent – gave – kidnapped) the boy and demanded a big ransom.
25- The Egyptian monuments are very popular (of – to – with – on) tourists.
26- He's and his father are very much (like – alike – look like – liken) .
27- They met at the club as (agreeing – to agree – agreed – agreement).
28- (Capitalism – Colonialism – Globalism – Escapism) is a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries.
29- (Physics – Economics – Classics – Statistics) is the study of the language and literature of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
30- (Coronation – Corruption – Collection – Communication) is a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king or queen.
31 The new building of the company is based (in – on – at - onto ) New York.
32- I'm looking forward to hearing ( of – about - from – off ) my friend.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Over two thousand people pretended the meeting.
2- The communication of the king took place in the royal palace.
3- These two sisters are so like.
4- Statistics is the study of the language and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
5- If I were wealth, I’d help poor people.
6- It took him half an hour typing the report.
7- She went to London a pair of years ago.
8- Anthony Hope’s first novel did him a lot of money.
9- Escape a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries.
10- All the characters in this film are intentional. They are not real.
11- A defeat is formal, organised discussion.
12- The gang hijacked the boy and asked for a lot of money to let him go.
13- Can you tell me what the thief was alike?
14- The opening of the new school was a great occasional.
15- The concert takes part next Thursday.
16- The manager couldn’t pretend the meeting.
17- The communication of the king took place in the royal palace.
18- The gang hijacked the boy and asked for a lot of money to let him go.
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